Air Pollution Involving Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Wheezing Bronchitis in Children

Pershagen, Göran; Rylander, Emma; Norberg, Staffan; Eriksson, Margareta; Nordvall, S. L.

doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1147

Cited by 146 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…All but one were conducted in Europe and Asia ( Table 2). Fifteen of these have been in children (96)(97)(98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110), four in adults (111)(112)(113)(114), and one study in both children and adults (115).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krämer et al (109) conducted a cross-sectional study of atopic sensitization and asthma diagnosis but had a prospective outcome assessment of atopic symptoms for 1 year along with seasonal NO 2 measurements. Other designs include three case-control studies of hospital admissions (97,99,108), and one case-control study of California Medicaid claims for asthma (105). Another study was a mixture of cross-sectional, surveynested case-control, and historical cohort (110).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study of adult Japanese women was cross-sectional for symptom prevalence and also tested longitudinal models for 10 seasonal repeated measures for lung function in a subsample (112). Eleven looked at traffic density, but no air pollution measurements were used in effect estimates or as confirmation of exposure gradients (96)(97)(98)100,101,104,105,108,110,113,114); four had traffic density, black smoke and/or NO 2 (102,103,111,112); and five used combustion-related air pollution measurements near the home (CO, benzene, and/or NO 2 ) as modeled surrogates for traffic exposures (99,106,107,109,115 (117). Only four studies have separately assessed exposures from truck versus automobile traffic (102)(103)(104)113), two of which examined the same children in South Holland using actual 1-year measurements of traffic density in relation to lung function (102) and symptoms (103).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

268

152

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Outdoor ambient air pollutant exposures in communities are relevant to the acute exacerbation and possibly the onset of asthma. However, the complexity of pollutant mixtures and etiologic heterogeneity of asthma has made it difficult to identify causal components in those mixtures. Occupational exposures associated with asthma may yield clues to causal components in ambient air pollution because such exposures are often identifiable as single-chemical agents (e.g., metal compounds). However, translating occupational to community exposure-response relationships is limited. Of the air toxics found to cause occupational asthma, only formaldehyde has been frequently investigated in epidemiologic studies of allergic respiratory responses to indoor air, where general consistency can be shown despite lower ambient exposures. The specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in association with occupational asthma are generally not the same as those in studies showing respiratory effects of VOC mixtures on nonoccupational adult and pediatric asthma. In addition, experimental evidence indicates that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures linked to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have proinflammatory effects on airways, but there is insufficient supporting evidence from the occupational literature of effects of DEPs on asthma or lung function. In contrast, nonoccupational epidemiologic studies have frequently shown associations between allergic responses or asthma with exposures to ambient air pollutant mixtures with PAH components, including black smoke, high home or school traffic density (particularly truck traffic), and environmental tobacco smoke. Other particle-phase and gaseous co-pollutants are likely causal in these associations as well. Epidemiologic research on the relationship of both asthma onset and exacerbation to air pollution is needed to disentangle effects of air toxics from monitored criteria air pollutants such as particle mass. Community studies should focus on air toxics expected to have adverse respiratory effects based on biological mechanisms, particularly irritant and immunological pathways to asthma onset and exacerbation.

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Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

268

152

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“…Epidemiological studies have reported increased respiratory symptoms and/or decreased lung function among subjects living closer to busy roads (e.g., Nitta et al, 1993;Pershagen et al, 1995;Brunekreef et al, 1997;van Vliet et al, 1997). This literature recently has been reviewed (Delfino, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive measurement of nitrogen oxides to assess traffic-related pollutant exposure for the East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study

Singer

2004

Atmospheric Environment

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The East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study is examining associations between trafficrelated pollutant exposures and respiratory health among children who reside and attend schools at varied proximity to northern California freeways. Chronic exposures are being inferred from outdoor pollutant concentrations at neighborhood schools. This paper reports primarily weeklong integrated NO 2 and NO X concentrations measured with passive samplers placed outside at ten elementary schools during 14 weeks in spring and 8 weeks in fall 2001. Measurements were also made outside selected student residences to examine spatial variability within three school neighborhoods. Regional concentrations of NO 2 and NO X varied widely from week to week.School site data were normalized to measurements at a nearby regional monitoring station to facilitate analysis of relative pollutant exposures at the neighborhood schools. Normalized concentrations occurred at a school located directly adjacent to a major freeway and a shopping center. In this case, normalized NO 2 and NO X were ~60% and ~100% higher than regional background levels. At three schools within 130-230 m downwind of a freeway, normalized NO 2 and NO X were ~20-30% and ~50-80% higher than regional levels. Validation testing of the passive samplers indicated precision of better than 5% for both NO 2 and NO X when samplers were deployed outside for one-week periods. Passive sampler results agreed with co-located chemiluminescence measurements to within 8% for NO 2 and 3% for NO X .

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“…The extensive use of gas appliances in homes suggests that large populations of children are at risk of exposure (IEH, 1995). Nitrogen dioxide levels have been associated with increased risk of cough and wheezy bronchitis in children (Dodge, 1982;Pershagen et al, 1995), and rises in ambient nitrogen dioxide levels of 30 μg/m 3 are reported to increase the risk of respiratory illness in children by 20% (Hasselblad et al, 1992). Asthmatic children may be particularly susceptible to the effect of nitrogen dioxide, experiencing airflow limitation and increased use of inhalant therapy (Jarvis et al, 1998;Ng et al, 2001).…”

Section: ) Indoor Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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Air Pollution Involving Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Wheezing Bronchitis in Children

Abstract: The results suggest that exposure to combustion products containing NO2 may be of particular importance for the development of wheezing bronchitis in girls.

Cited by 146 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Passive measurement of nitrogen oxides to assess traffic-related pollutant exposure for the East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

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