Air Pollution from Traffic and Risk for Lung Cancer in Three Danish Cohorts

Cederkvist

et al. 2012

Stroke

Self Cite

112

Background and Purpose-Years of exposure to tobacco smoke substantially increase the risk for stroke. Whether long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution can lead to stroke is not yet established. We examined the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and incident and fatal stroke in a prospective cohort study. Methods-We followed 57 053 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort in the Hospital DischargeRegister for the first-ever hospital admission for stroke (incident stroke) between baseline (1993-1997) and 2006 and defined fatal strokes as death within 30 days of admission. We associated the estimated mean levels of nitrogen dioxide at residential addresses since 1971 to incident and fatal stroke by Cox regression analyses and examined the effects by stroke subtypes: ischemic, hemorrhagic, and nonspecified stroke. Results-Over a mean follow-up of 9.8 years of 52 215 eligible subjects, there were 1984 (3.8%) first-ever (incident) hospital admissions for stroke of whom 142 (7.2%) died within 30 days. We detected borderline significant associations between mean nitrogen dioxide levels at residence since 1971 and incident stroke (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99 -1.11, per interquartile range increase) and stroke hospitalization followed by death within 30 days (1.22; 1.00 -1.50). The associations were strongest for nonspecified and ischemic strokes, whereas no association was detected with hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions-Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may contribute to the development of ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke, especially severe ischemic strokes leading to death within 30 days. (Stroke. 2012;43:320-325.)

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke and Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution From Nitrogen Dioxide

Cederkvist

et al. 2012

Stroke

Self Cite

112

“…We performed Pearson correlation for normal and Spearman correlation for non-normal data. However, most studies that tested the delayed health effects of contaminants observed the effects in delays of a few days and less than a month [20,21]. Therefore, in this study we only examined the correlation of onemonth delay with cardiovascular deaths.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death from Cardiovascular Diseases and Air Pollution in Shiraz, Iran (March 2006-March 2012)

Dadbakhsh¹,

Khanjani²,

Bahrampour³

2016

J Epid Prev Med

“…18 Yet the epidemiological explanation of this phenomenon is still insufficient. Some studies have found excess cancer mortality associated with higher doses of exposure to carcinogens in the urban environment, such as air pollution 8,19,20 and estrogenic compounds. 21,22 The major behavioral risk factors for cancer are known to be tobacco, alcohol, and diet and physical activity, 23 but there is still a lack of substantial epidemiological evidence that exposure to these risks or the causal effects of these risks are aggravated in urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in Noncommunicable Disease Mortality in the Ten Largest Japanese Cities

Kano¹,

Hotta

Prasad

2013

J Urban Health

The burden of noncommunicable diseases and social inequalities in health among urban populations is becoming a common problem around the world. This phenomenon is further compounded by population aging. Japan faces the task of maintaining its high level of population health while dealing with these challenges. This study focused on the ten largest cities in Japan and, using publicly available administrative data, analyzed standardized mortality ratios to examine inequalities in relative mortality levels due to major noncommunicable disease at both city and subcity levels. On average, the ten major cities had excess mortality due to cancer and lower mortality due to heart disease and cerebrovascular disease compared to the country as a whole. Substantial inequalities in relative mortality were observed both between and within cities, especially for heart disease and cerebrovascular disease among men. Inequalities in relative mortality levels within cities appear to be increasing over time even while relative mortality levels are decreasing overall. The widely observed health inequalities signal the need for actions to ensure health equity while addressing the burden of noncommunicable diseases. Increasingly, more countries will have to deal with these challenges of inequity, urbanization, aging, and noncommunicable diseases. Local health governance informed by locally specific data on health determinants and outcomes is essential for developing contextualized interventions to improve health and health equity in major urban areas.