Air pollution during pregnancy and lung development in the child

Korten, Insa; Ramsey, Kathryn; Latzin, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.08.008

Cited by 116 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Lung development starts in utero, and exposure to air pollution prenatally has been shown to negatively affect respiratory health [3]. Considerable maturation of the lungs continues after birth, which makes the lungs potentially vulnerable to the effects from exposure to air pollution also postnatally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Lung Function in Children

Schultz

Litonjua

Melén

2017

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

127

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Lung function in early life has been shown to be an important predictor for peak lung function in adults and later decline. Reduced lung function per se is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. With this review, we aim to summarize the current epidemiological evidence on the effect of traffic-related air pollution on lung function in children and adolescents. We focus in particular on time windows of exposure, small airway involvement, and vulnerable sub-groups in the population. Findings from studies published to date support the notion that exposure over the entire childhood age range seems to be of importance for lung function development. We could not find any conclusive data to support evidence of sup-group effects considering gender, sensitization status, and asthma status, although a possibly stronger effect may be present for children with asthma. The long-term effects into adulthood of exposure to air pollution during childhood remains unknown, but current studies suggest that these deficits may be propagated into later life. In addition, further research on the effect of exposure on small airway function is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Lung Function in Children

Schultz

Litonjua

Melén

2017

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

127

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“…Indoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) levels generated by household characteristics, indoor activities, and outdoor sources have been reported to play a significant role in the indoor air quality . Exposure to elevated PM 2.5 levels has been shown to have a substantial role in respiratory and cardiovascular health, and pregnancy outcomes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a predictive model for fine particulate matter concentrations in low socio-economic households in Durban, South Africa

et al. 2017

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In low-resource settings, there is a need to develop models that can address contributions of household and outdoor sources to population exposures. The aim of the study was to model indoor PM using household characteristics, activities, and outdoor sources. Households belonging to participants in the Mother and Child in the Environment (MACE) birth cohort, in Durban, South Africa, were randomly selected. A structured walk-through identified variables likely to generate PM . MiniVol samplers were used to monitor PM for a period of 24 hours, followed by a post-activity questionnaire. Factor analysis was used as a variable reduction tool. Levels of PM in the south were higher than in the north of the city (P < .05); crowding and dwelling type, household emissions (incense, candles, cooking), and household smoking practices were factors associated with an increase in PM levels (P < .05), while room magnitude and natural ventilation factors were associated with a decrease in the PM levels (P < .05). A reasonably robust PM predictive model was obtained with model R of 50%. Recognizing the challenges in characterizing exposure in environmental epidemiological studies, particularly in resource-constrained settings, modeling provides an opportunity to reasonably estimate indoor pollutant levels in unmeasured homes.

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“…Besides the protective effects of farms, also harmful influences of cities like traffic-related air pollution modulate fetal immune regulation and increase asthma risk due to impaired lung function [65]. Moreover, higher exposure to air pollution in utero results in lower levels of T lymphocytes, while B cells and NK cells are enhanced in CBMCs [66].…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their participation in childhood asthma development is estimated at 14% [99]. Also indoor pollutions, e.g., deriving from combustion of biomass, were correlated with the development of wheeze and asthma in children [65]. The underlying immune mechanisms involve increased oxidative stress, resulting in damaged integrity of epithelial barriers and pro-inflammatory processes [100].…”

Section: Role Of the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development

2019

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Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assured. Pregnancy and early childhood are particularly susceptible for exogenous influences due to the developing nature of a child's immune system. While endogenous influences such as family history and the genetic background are immutable, epigenetic regulations can be modulated by both heredity and environmental exposures. Prenatal influences such as a mother's nutrition, smoking, or infections influence the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation as well as peri-and postnatal influences including mode of delivery. Early in life, induction and continuous training of healthy maturation include balanced innate immunity (e.g., via innate lymphoid cells) and an equilibrium of T-cell subpopulations (e.g., via regulatory T cells) to counterregulate potential pro-inflammatory or exuberant immune reactions. Later in childhood, rather compensatory immune mechanisms are required to modulate deviant regulation of a child's already primed immune trajectory. The specific effects of exogenous and endogenous influences on a child's maturing immune system are summarized in this review, and its importance and potential intervention for early prevention and treatment strategies are delineated.

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Air pollution during pregnancy and lung development in the child

Cited by 116 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Lung Function in Children

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Lung Function in Children

Developing a predictive model for fine particulate matter concentrations in low socio-economic households in Durban, South Africa

Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development

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