Air pollution and health: recent advances in air pollution epidemiology to inform the European Green Deal: a joint workshop report of ERS, WHO, ISEE and HEI

Hoffmann, Barbara; Roebbel, Nathalie; Gumy, Sophie; Forastiére, Francesco; Brunekreef, Bert; Jarosińska, Dorota; Walker, Katherine; Erp, Annemoon M. van; O’Keefe, Robert D.; Greenbaum, Dan; Martin, Williams; Krzyżanowski, Michał; Kelly, Frank J.; Bräuer, Michael; Bruyninckx, Hans; Boogaard, Hanna

doi:10.1183/13993003.02575-2020

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Environmental pollution is considered an international public health issue with multiple facets (Manisalidis et al 2020). As urbanization and industrialization have reached unprecedented proportions worldwide in our era, ambient air pollution has become one of the biggest public health hazards worldwide, accounting for about 4 million deaths per year (Hoffmann et al 2020; Sacks et al 2020). Among the most pertinent air pollutants, tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) stands out for its harmful health and environmental effects, contributing to climate change as a greenhouse effect gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ozone exposure on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathology using a mice model of TDP-43 proteinopathy

Rodrı́guez¹,

Ferrer-Donato

Cabrera-Pinto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Ozone (O3), one of the main photochemical pollutants in the atmosphere today, is a serious health risk factor. Although the effects of O3 exposure have been documented on many diseases, they have not yet been examined on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)- a fatal progressive and neurodegenerative disease. Objectives: To investigate the effect of the O3 exposure in a mice model of TDP-43 proteinopathy, exploring a possible association between the O3 exposure and the ALS pathogenesis. Methods: TDP-43A315T and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to O3 (0.25 ppm) or filtered air (FA) for 15 days (4 hours/day). We assessed (1) weight loss (2) motor performance (3) plasma glucose content and (4) metabolic markers from plasma samples of the animals. Results: Throughout the experiment, we observed a progressive decline in body weight and the motor coordination in TDP-43A315T mice compared to WT controls. Although there was a trend, there were no significant differences in the decline of body weight of TDP-43A315T mice when exposed to either FA or O3. In O3-TDP-43A315T mice, the disease duration lasted longer. In addition, O3-TDP-43A315T mice showed improvements in motor performance as well TDP-43A315T mice were hypoglycemic compared to WT mice. However, FA-TDP-43A315T mice showed lower plasma glucose levels at the disease end-stage. We found altered levels of adipokines and metabolic proteins in TDP-43A315T mice compared to WT controls. A positive correlation was found among GIP and glucagon compared to insulin concentrations in control mice. Interestingly, resistin, Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GIP-1) and insulin levels were higher in O3-TDP-43A315T mice. Discussion: We provide new evidence about a mechanistic link between O3 exposure and the improvement of the metabolic disturbances present in TDP-43A315T mice. Further studies are needed to corroborate the obtained results as they warrant to understanding the underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ozone exposure on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathology using a mice model of TDP-43 proteinopathy

Rodrı́guez¹,

Ferrer-Donato

Cabrera-Pinto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Air pollution has adverse impacts on human health [1]. Road transport contributes significantly to air quality (characterised by the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM)), particularly in urban areas [2], where three-quarters of European citizens live [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Active Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration on Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Particle Number Emissions from Euro 5 and 6 Vehicles under Laboratory Testing and Real-World Driving

et al. 2022

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Particulate mass concentration is a crucial parameter for characterising air quality. The diesel particulate filter (DPF) is the primary technology used to limit vehicle particle emissions, but it needs periodic cleaning, a process called regeneration. This study aims to assess the impact of active DPF regeneration on the performance and emissions of Euro 5 and 6 vehicles. The study examined both carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutant (nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle number (PN)) emissions for eight vehicles tested in the laboratory and on the road. Apart from the DPF, a wide range of emission control systems was covered in this experimental campaign, including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), lean NOx trap (LNT) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, revealing the different impacts on NOx emissions. The regeneration frequency and duration were also determined and used to calculate the Ki factor, which accounts for the emissions with and without regeneration, weighted over the distance driven between two consecutive regeneration events. Based on these outcomes, representative emission factors (EF) were proposed for the regeneration phase only and the complete regeneration interval. In addition, the effect of regeneration on efficiency was estimated and compared with other energy consumers. The results indicated a significant impact of DPF regeneration on CO2, NOx and PN emissions, higher in the case of driving cycle testing in the laboratory. The relevant mechanisms behind the elevated emission levels were analysed, focusing on the regeneration period and the test phase following immediately after. The calculation of the Ki factor and the comparison with the official values revealed some weaknesses in its application in real-world conditions; to overcome these, new NOx EF values were calculated, depending on the emission control system. It was revealed that Euro 6 vehicles equipped with SCR could comply with the applicable limits when considering the complete regeneration interval. Finally, it was indicated that the DPF regeneration impact on vehicle efficiency is similar to that of driving with the air conditioning (A/C) system and headlights on.

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“…It is also increasingly well documented in scientific reports. Air pollution is considered to be one of the most important factors influencing human health [2][3][4][5]. Polluted air can cause negative changes in living organisms, even when the concentrations do not exceed the permissible levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Prediction Error in Regression Air Quality Models

Hoffman

2021

Energies

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Combustion of energy fuels or organic waste is associated with the emission of harmful gases and aerosols into the atmosphere, which strongly affects air quality. Air quality monitoring devices are unreliable and measurement gaps appear quite often. Missing data modeling techniques can be used to complete the monitoring data. Concentrations of monitored pollutants can be approximated with regression modeling tools, such as artificial neural networks. In this study, a long-term set of data from the air monitoring station in Zabrze (Silesia, South Poland) was analyzed. Concentration prediction was tested for the main air pollutants, i.e., O3, NO, NO2, SO2, PM10, CO. Multilayer perceptrons were used to model the concentrations. The predicted concentrations were compared to the observed ones to evaluate the approximation accuracy. Prediction errors were calculated separately for the whole concentration range as well as for the specified concentration subranges. Some different measures of error were estimated. It was stated that the use of a single measure of the approximation accuracy may lead to incorrect interpretation. The application of one neural network to the entire concentration range results in different prediction accuracy in various concentration subranges. Replacing one neural network with several networks adjusted to specific concentration subranges should improve the modeling accuracy.

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Air pollution and health: recent advances in air pollution epidemiology to inform the European Green Deal: a joint workshop report of ERS, WHO, ISEE and HEI

Abstract: Current European air pollution levels, which are in most places well below air quality limit values, still have deleterious health effects. The report discusses ways to move forward with air quality legislation to improve public health.

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of ozone exposure on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathology using a mice model of TDP-43 proteinopathy

Effect of ozone exposure on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathology using a mice model of TDP-43 proteinopathy

Impact of Active Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration on Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Particle Number Emissions from Euro 5 and 6 Vehicles under Laboratory Testing and Real-World Driving

Estimation of Prediction Error in Regression Air Quality Models

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