Air Pollution and Forests

Smith, William H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3296-4

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Trees in urban landscapes moderate temperature and microclimates, thereby reducing the need for air conditioning and thus saving energy (Heisler, 1986;McPherson, 1990;Meier, 1991;Oke, 1989). Urban trees help improve air quality and sequester carbon (Nowak, 1993;Nowak and McPherson, 1993;Rowntree and Nowak, 1991;Smith, 1981), help stabilize soils, reduce erosion, improve groundwater recharge, control rainfall runoff and flooding (Sanders, 1986), reduce urban noise levels (Cook, 1978), and provide habitat that increases biodiversity (Johnson, 1988). Based on modeling of air pollution, storm water mitigation and energy impacts, the Urban Ecosystem Analysis of the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area concluded that tree cover reduced storm water storage costs by $4.7 billion and generated annual air quality benefits of $49.8 million (American Forests, 2002).…”

Section: Urban Forests As Economic Goodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand for urban forests in United States cities

Zhu

Zhang

2008

Landscape and Urban Planning

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Section: Urban Forests As Economic Goodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand for urban forests in United States cities

Zhu

Zhang

2008

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…Forest damage, caused by extreme ozone episodes, was reported from California in the 1970s (Smith, 1981). Because of this, and visible signs of ozone stress in central European forests, more emphasis has been put in recent years on the effects of ozone on important tree species.…”

Section: Young Trees Can Also Be Affected By Ambient Ozone Concentratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of tropospheric ozone and airborne nitrogenous pollutants on natural and semi‐natural ecosystems: a commentary

Bobbink

1998

New Phytologist

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Man's activities pose a number of threats to the functioning, structure and diversity of natural and seminatural ecosystems. One of the main threats is the increase in concentrations in air pollutants in this century (Wellburn, 1988 ;Tamm, 1991). This paper is a commentary on the effects of tropospheric ozone (O $ ) and airborne nitrogen deposition (both oxidized (NO x ) and reduced (NH y ) compounds) on natural and semi-natural ecosystems, based upon the oral presentations and the discussions during the Symposium, extended with a personal overview and some suggestions about future challenges for research. The most important effects of these air pollutants on natural and semi-natural vegetation are summarized and evaluated in ecological terms, with respect to the functioning and structure of unaffected systems. Air pollutants are transported over both short and long distances (as far as a few thousand km) before being deposited on surface water, vegetation or soil. In this way, vegetation over a large area or in remote regions can be influenced by airborne pollutants (see Fowler et al. (1998) ;Asman, Sutton & Schjørring (1998)).

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“…Vegetation, particularly trees, can reduce a population's exposure to air pollution through the interception of airborne particles (Petroff et al, 2009) or through the uptake of gaseous air pollution via leaf stomata on the plant surface (Smith, 1990). Noise barriers combined with mature vegetation have been found to result in lower ultrafine particle concentrations along a highway transect compared to an open field or a noise barrier alone (Baldauf et al, 2008;Bowker et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field assessment of the effects of roadside vegetation on near-road black carbon and particulate matter

Brantley

Hagler

Deshmukh

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

158

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• Vegetation barriers altered near-road black carbon concentrations.• Vegetation reduced downwind black carbon concentrations by approximately 12%.• Downwind fine and coarse particle concentration were unaffected by vegetation.• Black carbon gradients more gradual behind vegetation compared to a clearing. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o One proposed method for reducing exposure to mobile source air pollution is the construction or preservation of vegetation barriers between major roads and nearby populations. This study combined stationary and mobile monitoring approaches to determine the effects of an existing, mixed-species tree stand on near-road black carbon (BC) and particulate matter concentrations. Results indicated that wind direction and time of day significantly affected pollutant concentrations behind the tree stand. Continuous sampling revealed reductions in BC behind the barrier, relative to a clearing, during downwind (12.4% lower) and parallel (7.8% lower) wind conditions, with maximum reductions of 22% during the late afternoon when winds were from the road. Particle counts in the fine and coarse particle size range (0.5-10 μm aerodynamic diameter) did not show change. Mobile sampling revealed BC concentration attenuation, a result of the natural dilution and mixing that occur with transport from the road, was more gradual behind the vegetation barrier than in unobstructed areas. These findings suggest that a mature tree stand can modestly improve traffic-related air pollution in areas located adjacent to the road; however, the configuration of the tree stand can influence the likelihood and extent of pollutant reductions.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Air Pollution and Forests

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Demand for urban forests in United States cities

Demand for urban forests in United States cities

Impacts of tropospheric ozone and airborne nitrogenous pollutants on natural and semi‐natural ecosystems: a commentary

Field assessment of the effects of roadside vegetation on near-road black carbon and particulate matter

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