Air Pollution and Deposition

Eiden, Reiner; Förster, Jürgen; Peters, Klaus; Trautner, F.; Herterich, Roland; Gietl, G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61332-6_5

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the following, we compare canopy water use estimated by xylem sapflow methods with canopy transpiration predicted by a three-dimensional gas exchange model STANDFLUX [13,15] [12]). …”

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confidence: 99%

Estimating tree canopy water use via xylem sapflow in an old Norway spruce forest and a comparison with simulation-based canopy transpiration estimates

et al. 1998

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-Tree xylem sapflow rates of 140-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) were scaled to the stand level and compared to canopy transpiration predicted by the stand gas exchange model STANDFLUX. Variation in sapflux densities between individual sensors was high (coefficient of variance = 0.4) and included both variation within and between trees, but it was not different between two applied sapflow methodologies (radial flowmeter

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“…In the following, we compare canopy water use estimated by xylem sapflow methods with canopy transpiration predicted by a three-dimensional gas exchange model STANDFLUX [13,15] [12]). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating tree canopy water use via xylem sapflow in an old Norway spruce forest and a comparison with simulation-based canopy transpiration estimates

et al. 1998

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“…Even though the results of the present study can hardly be extrapolated to amibient conditions they nevertheless might serve to assess the time scales involved. Average ambient NOj concentrations range between S and 40 ppb (Eiden et al 1989) and, consequently, chemical effects similar to those observed in vitro might be expected to occur after an exposure for 700-58000 yr (Table 1). In contrast, field studies showed that, in vivo, tubules were degraded within months (Riederer 1989;Turunen & Huttunen, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…For instance, at typical ambient concentrations of O3 (20-100 ppb), SO, (5-400 ppb) or NO^ (5-40 ppb) (cf. Eiden et al 1989), tubular aggregates disappeared within some months (Turunen & Huttunen, 1990). The investigations cited were carried out using whole trees and generally had to deal with the effects of multiple atmospheric factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of dry O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules

1996

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S i; M M A R YEpicuticular -^vax tubules were reconstituted in vitro by recrystallizing nonacosan-10-ol from the soluble cuticular lipids o(Piceapungens Engelm. on a glass support. Fumigation of these preparations for 100 h with dry O., (1-8%), SO, (100 °o) or for 1500h with NO^ (0-1%) did not change their composition or crystal habit. Exposure of reconstituted wax tubules to 1 % of dry NO^ yielded planar crystals of nonacosan-10-one after 100 h. Eurther exposure (264 h) resulted in the complete degradation of aggregates and the formation of nonadecanoic and eicosanoic acids. The same oxidation steps and the accompanying changes of crystal shapes could be induced by fumigation of nonacosan-10-ol tubules with 100°o of dry NO^ for 0-25-1 h and for 2 h, respectively. The oxidation of nonacosan-10-ol depended on the doses applied. At ambient concentrations, equivalent doses would accumulate onjy over thousands of years. Oxidative transformations alone can therefore not account for the in vivo degradation of wax tubules on conifer needles.

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“…Nitrogen oxides with the participation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and sunlight, as a result of chemical reactions, cause ozone formation. In turn, PM10 and PM2.5 can be emitted into the atmosphere directly as primary air pollutants, or they can be Energies 2020, 13,1925 7 of 31 formed as secondary air pollutants when the emissions of NO x , ammonia and non-methane organic compounds (as well as other gases) cause their chemical reactions in the atmosphere [58].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Analyze Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union

Brodny

Tutak

2020

Energies

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The European Union (EU) is considered one of the most economically developed regions worldwide. It was driven by the mining industry for several decades. Despite certain changes in this area, a number of mineral and energy resources are still being mined in the EU. Nevertheless, mining activities are accompanied by many unfavorable phenomena, especially for the environment, such as greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. The great diversity of the EU countries in terms of the size of the "mining and quarrying" sector means that both the volume and structure of these emissions in individual countries varies. In order to assess the current state of affairs, research was conducted to look at the structure and volume of these emissions in individual EU countries. The aim of the study was to divide these countries into homogenous groups by structure and volume of studied emissions. In order to reflect both the specificity and diversity of the EU countries, this division was based on the seven most important gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, NH 3 , NMVOC, CO, NO x ) and two types of particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10) emitted into the atmosphere from the sector in question. The volume of studied emissions was also compared to the number of inhabitants of each EU country and the gross value added (GVA) by the mining and quarrying sector. This approach enabled a new and broader view on the issue of gas and air pollutant emissions associated with mining activities. The artificial Kohonen's neural networks were used for the analysis. The developed method, the analyses and the results constitute a new approach to studying such emissions in the EU. Research that looks only at the emission of harmful substances into the environment in relation to their absolute values fail to fully reflect the complexity of this problem in individual EU countries. The presented approach and the results should broaden the knowledge in the field of harmful substance emissions from the mining and quarrying sector, which should be utilized in the process of implementing the new European climate strategy referred to as "The European Green Deal".

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Air Pollution and Deposition

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Estimating tree canopy water use via xylem sapflow in an old Norway spruce forest and a comparison with simulation-based canopy transpiration estimates

Estimating tree canopy water use via xylem sapflow in an old Norway spruce forest and a comparison with simulation-based canopy transpiration estimates

The effects of dry O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules

The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Analyze Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union

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Air Pollution and Deposition

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Estimating tree canopy water use via xylem sapflow in an old Norway spruce forest and a comparison with simulation-based canopy transpiration estimates

Estimating tree canopy water use via xylem sapflow in an old Norway spruce forest and a comparison with simulation-based canopy transpiration estimates

The effects of dry O3, SO2 and NO2 on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules

The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Analyze Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union

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Resources

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The effects of dry O₃, SO₂ and NO₂ on reconstituted epicuticular wax tubules