Air pollution and control action in Beijing

Zhang, Hefeng; Wang, Yafei; Hao, Jiming; Wang, Xinming; Wang, Shulan; Chai, Fahe; Mei, Li

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.092

Cited by 346 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, Beijing has closed high-pollution industries [53,54], but it still needs to control coal consumption, improve energy efficiency, and promote cleaner energy. Moreover, tighter environmental regulations are helpful for reducing primary emissions of NO 2 and SO 2 and preventing high levels of secondary PM pollution [31].…”

Section: Implications For Urban Planning and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Liu

2018

Sustainability

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China's tremendous economic growth during the past three decades has resulted in worsening air quality in most of its cities. However, the spatiotemporal patterns and underlying drivers of air pollution in China remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we used stepwise regression to identify major socioeconomic, climatic, and urban form factors influencing air pollution in 69 major cities across China. Our results showed that social factors such as population size and density were positively correlated with emissions of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO x , and SO 2 . Economic factors such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP of secondary industry were positively correlated with industry and transportation emissions but negatively correlated with residential emissions of air pollutants. Urban form attributes such as measures of urban fragmentation and contiguity were important in explaining patterns of emissions from residential, power generation, and transportation sectors. As for climatic factors, higher precipitation, higher wind speed, and higher temperatures were all negatively correlated with air pollution levels. We also found that the effects of socioeconomic, climatic, and urban from factors on air pollution levels varied considerably among seasons and between the annual and seasonal scales. Our findings have useful implications for urban planning and management for controlling air pollution in China and beyond.

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Section: Implications For Urban Planning and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Liu

2018

Sustainability

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“…For example, coalfired power plants have been forced to install flue gas desulfurization and denitration (Zhang et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2014), coal has been replaced with natural gas and electricity in megacities (Wang et al, 2009;Duan et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2013a;, stricter emission standards have been implemented for vehicles and industrial boilers (Zhang et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2016) and so on, resulting in a decreasing trend of primary pollutants including PM 2.5 in recent years Wen et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). However, the PM 2.5 levels were still larger than 1000 µg m −3 in some areas of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region during the period of the red alert for haze in December 2016 (http://english.mep.gov.cn/News_service/ media_news/201612/t20161220_369317.shtml).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A vast area in northern China, especially during wintertime, is currently suffering from severe haze events due to the high levels of atmospheric PM 2.5 . To recognize the reasons for the high levels of PM 2.5 , daily samples of PM 2.5 were simultaneously collected at the four sampling sites of Beijing city (BJ), Baoding city (BD), Wangdu county (WD) and Dongbaituo (DBT) during the winter and spring of [2014][2015] at DBT than at WD, BD and BJ during the winter of 2015 indicated that the pollutants in the rural area were not due to transportation from neighbouring cities but dominated by local emissions. As the distinct source of atmospheric OC and EC in the rural area, the residential coal combustion also made a contribution to secondary inorganic ions through the emissions of their precursors (NO x , SO 2 , NH 3 and HCl) as well as heterogeneous or multiphase reactions on the surface of OC and EC. The average mass proportions of OC, EC, NO − 3 and SO 2− 4 at BD and WD were found to be very close to those at DBT, but were evidently different from those at BJ, implying that the pollutants in the cities of WD and BD, which are fully surrounded by the countryside, were strongly affected by the residential coal combustion. The OC / EC ratios at the four sampling sites were almost the same value (4.8) when the concentrations of PM 2.5 were greater than 150 µg m −3 , suggesting that the residential coal combustion could also make a dominant contribution to atmospheric PM 2.5 at BJ during the severe pollution period when the air parcels were usually from southwest-south regions, where a high density of farmers reside. The evident increase in the number of the species involved in significant correlations (p < 0.05) from the countryside to the cities further confirmed that residential coal combustion was the dominant source of key species in the rural area. However, the complex sources including local emissions and regional transportation were responsible for the atmospheric species in the cities. Strong correlations among OC, EC, Cl − , NO − . Based on the chemical mass closure (CMC) method, the contributions of the primary particle emission from residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM 2.5 at BJ, BD, WD and DBT were estimated to be 32, 49, 43 and 58 %, respectively.

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“…12 Governments and health organizations have implemented regulations to reduce air pollution levels to protect human health. [13][14][15][16] The WHO assessed air pollution data from more than 3000 cities worldwide and found that half of the cities in high-income countries and one third of those in low-and middle-income countries reduced air pollution levels by more than 5% between 2011 and 2016. All of these cities have addressed air pollution with the implementation of policies in sectors such as transport, energy, or urban planning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Association of Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Investigation of Modifier Variables

et al. 2018

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Air pollution and control action in Beijing

Cited by 346 publications

References 27 publications

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter

Global Association of Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Investigation of Modifier Variables

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Air pollution and control action in Beijing

Cited by 346 publications

References 27 publications

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

Disentangling the Complex Effects of Socioeconomic, Climatic, and Urban Form Factors on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China

The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; in northern China during winter

Global Association of Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Investigation of Modifier Variables

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The contribution of residential coal combustion to atmospheric PM<sub>2. 5</sub> in northern China during winter