Air pollution and circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress

Delfino, Ralph J.; Staimer, Norbert; Vaziri, Nosratola D.

doi:10.1007/s11869-010-0095-2

Cited by 151 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…One of the major underlying features of the toxic effects of air pollutants is oxidative stress, caused either by an imbalance of prooxidant and antioxidant processes linked to increased exposure to the air pollutants, or by the presence of impaired antioxidant defenses [109,110]. Most air pollutants are themselves free radicals (e.g., NO 2 , transition metals) or have the ability to initiate the production of free radicals (e.g., O 3 , Particulate Matter (PM)) [109,110].…”

Section: Factors and Situations Challenging The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most air pollutants are themselves free radicals (e.g., NO 2 , transition metals) or have the ability to initiate the production of free radicals (e.g., O 3 , Particulate Matter (PM)) [109,110]. They can therefore lead to oxidative stress in the lungs, participate in the induction of inflammation [111], trigger redox-sensitive signaling pathways [109,112] and impair antigen presentation -making the body more susceptible to both allergic and infectious diseases [113].…”

Section: Factors and Situations Challenging The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamins C, D and Zinc: Synergistic Roles in Immune Function and Infections

Maggini¹,

Maldonado²,

Cardim³

et al. 2017

Vitam Miner

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The immune system is a complex and sophisticated network of specialized tissues, organs, cells, proteins, and chemicals which has evolved in order to protect the host from a range of dangerous agents such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. There is a close relationship between nutritional status and immune function. Hence, immunocompetence can be regarded as a measure of adequate nutrition. Inter-individual variations in many immune functions exist within the normal healthy population and are due to age, genetics, gender, ethnic background, socioeconomic situation, diet, stress, habitual levels of exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, etc. In addition, seasonal and temperature changes as well as being in crowded spaces (e.g., while commuting in public means of transportation, or working in open space offices) pose an additional burden on the immune system. Here we review the literature on the immune supportive properties of vitamins C, D and zinc and the impact of their supplementation in reducing the incidence or ameliorating symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, which are among the most common infections in humans. Finally, we discuss their relevance in situations known to challenge the immune system such as exposure to temperature changes, to pollutants, or being in crowded spaces which serve as mixers where pathogens can stay suspended and transfer from host to host thereby increasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases because of close contact and long exposure.

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Section: Factors and Situations Challenging The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors and Situations Challenging The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins C, D and Zinc: Synergistic Roles in Immune Function and Infections

Maggini¹,

Maldonado²,

Cardim³

et al. 2017

Vitam Miner

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mechanisms of PM toxicity are complex and not completely understood. One view is that PM toxicity occurs through inducement of oxidative stress (Delfino et al, 2005(Delfino et al, , 2013Nel, 2005): a state of biochemical imbalance in which the presence and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body overwhelms antioxidant defenses, eventually leading to various adverse health outcomes (Delfino et al, 2011;Donaldson et al, 2001;Li et al, 2003a). ROS can be either transported on inhaled particles to the air-lung interface or generated in vivo by interaction between deposited PM and physiological chemical components (Lakey et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An automated analytical system was developed for measuring the oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay of filter extracts that include both watersoluble and water-insoluble (solid) aerosol species. Three approaches for measuring total oxidative potential were compared. These include using methanol as the solvent with (1) and without (2) filtering the extract, followed by removing the solvent and reconstituting with water, and (3) extraction in pure water and performing the OP analysis in the extraction vial with the filter. The water extraction method (the third approach, with filter remaining in the vial) generally yielded the highest DTT responses with better precision (coefficient of variation of 1-5 %) and was correlated with a greater number of other aerosol components. Because no organic solvents were used, which must be mostly eliminated prior to DTT analysis, it was easiest to automate by modifying an automated analytical system for measuring water-soluble OP developed by . Therefore, the third method was applied to the field study for the determination of total OP. Daily 23 h filter samples were collected simultaneously at a roadside (RS) and a representative urban (Georgia Tech, GT) site for two 1-month study periods, and both water-soluble (OP WS-DTT ) and total (OP Total-DTT ) OP were measured. Using PM 2.5 (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm) high-volume samplers with quartz filters, the OP WS-DTT -to-OP Total-DTT ratio at the urban site was 65 % with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.71 (N = 35; p value < 0.01), compared to a ratio of 62 % and r = 0.56 (N = 31; p value < 0.01) at the roadside site. The same DTT analyses were performed, and similar results were found using particle composition monitors (flow rate of 16.7 L min −1 ) with Teflon filters. Comparison of measurements between sites showed only slightly higher levels of both OP WS-DTT and OP Total-DTT at the RS site, indicating both OP WS-DTT and OP Total-DTT were largely spatially homogeneous. These results are consistent with roadway emissions as sources of DTT-quantified PM 2.5 OP and indicate that both soluble and insoluble aerosol components contributing to OP are largely secondary.

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“…The product of SOD reaction is a substrate for GPx (Fig 1). The expression of GPx is up-regulated by H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) 20 . Moreover, Lead is covalently bound to the sulfhydryl groups of glutathione and inhibits the free radical quenching activity of it 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective Effect of Supplementary Feed Hydrilla Verticillata Against Lead Induced Acute Liver Toxicity in Fish

S¹,

Rajkumar²

2017

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Objective of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Hydrilla verticillata on lead induced hepatic damage in fresh water fish. The fish were treated with sub lethal concentration of lead acetate to induce liver damage and fed with supplementary feed containing 20% of hydrilla dr y powder. After 21 days of treatment, liver was removed and hepatotoxicity and its prevention was analysed. Liver marker enzymes like alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Hepatic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitrite, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and lead marker enzymes like aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and cathepsin D were measured and compared with the control. The lead induced hepatotoxicity by stimulation of ALT, ACP, AST, CS, LDH, LPO and oxidative stress by diminution of SOD, GPx, and nitrite. Hydrilla verticillata supplementation significantly (p ˂ 0.001) reduced the level of hepatic enzymes, LPO and reinstated the defence antioxidant enzymes. The lead toxicity also reduced by the supplementary feed as assessed by decrease in ALAD enzyme and increase in cathepsin D level. This study strongly confirms the hepatoprotective effect of Hydrilla verticillata against lead induced acute liver toxicity. Hydrilla verticillata could be recommended for liver disorders.

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Air pollution and circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress

Cited by 151 publications

References 196 publications

Vitamins C, D and Zinc: Synergistic Roles in Immune Function and Infections

Vitamins C, D and Zinc: Synergistic Roles in Immune Function and Infections

A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

Hepatoprotective Effect of Supplementary Feed Hydrilla Verticillata Against Lead Induced Acute Liver Toxicity in Fish

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