Air pollution and children’s health: where next?

Whitehouse, Abigail; Grigg, Jonathan

doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000706

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Globally, there is increasing evidence that outdoor air pollution adversely affects children with asthma. Air pollutants, such as PM, have been found in placental phagocytes suggesting small particulates can enter the circulation and damage organ development 16 17. Exposure to air pollution in pregnancy and infancy has been associated with the subsequent development of asthma, allergic sensitisation and rhinitis in childhood 18–20.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-fatal and fatal asthma and air pollution: are we missing an opportunity to ask key questions?

Varghese,

Clemens,

McMurray

et al. 2023

Arch Dis Child

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There is an increasing body of evidence supporting the link between asthma attacks and air pollution in children. To our knowledge, there has only been one reported case of a fatal asthma attack in a child associated with air pollution and this was in the UK. This article considers why there is a lack of evidence on fatal/near-fatal asthma and air pollution. We also explore three challenges. First, fatal and near-fatal asthma events are rare and not yet well understood. Second, measuring and interpreting personal exposure to air pollution with sufficient temporal and spatial detail are challenging to interpret in the context of individual fatal or near-fatal asthma attacks. Third, current studies are not designed to answer the question of whether or to what extent air pollution is associated with fatal/near-fatal asthma attacks in children. Conclusive evidence is not yet available and systems of data collection for both air pollution and fatal and near-fatal asthma attacks should be enhanced to ensure risk can be determined and impact minimised.

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Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-fatal and fatal asthma and air pollution: are we missing an opportunity to ask key questions?

Varghese,

Clemens,

McMurray

et al. 2023

Arch Dis Child

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children are particularly susceptible to the short‐ and long‐term negative effects of atmospheric pollutants 14 due to the immaturity of their lung and immune system, lower efficiency of detoxification of oxidative damage, and because they breathe more air per kg of body weight 9 . The common cellular mechanism through which most pollutants exert their negative effect is promoting oxidative stress and inducing inflammatory responses 14 . In addition, it seems that pollution damages the immune system by reducing its ability to limit the spread of infectious agents, such as RSV; in vivo studies on mice have shown that exposure to pollutants leads to greater susceptibility to RSV infection 15 and enhances the action of the virus 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The common cellular mechanism through which most pollutants exert their negative effect is promoting oxidative stress and inducing inflammatory responses. 14 In addition, it seems that pollution damages the immune system by reducing its ability to limit the spread of infectious agents, such as RSV; in vivo studies on mice have shown that exposure to pollutants leads to greater susceptibility to RSV infection 15 and enhances the action of the virus. 16 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the main atmospheric pollutants on Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) referrals for bronchiolitis and related hospitalizations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in an urban environment: A 9‐year observational study

Dondi

Manieri

Betti

et al. 2023

Pediatric Pulmonology

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BackgroundOutdoor air pollution is supposed to influence the course of bronchiolitis, but the evidence is limited. The present study aimed at evaluating the role of outdoor air pollutants on hospitalization for bronchiolitis.MethodsInfants aged ≤12 months referred for bronchiolitis to our Pediatric Emergency Department in Bologna, Italy, from 1 October 2011 to 16 March 2020 (nine epidemic seasons) were retrospectively included. Daily concentrations of benzene (C6H6), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), and the mean values of individual patient exposure in the week and the 4 weeks before hospital access were calculated. The association between air pollutants exposure and hospitalization was evaluated through logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 2902 patients were enrolled (59.9% males; 38.7% hospitalized). Exposure to PM2.5 in the 4 weeks preceding bronchiolitis was identified as the main parameter significantly driving the risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.055 [1.010–1.102]). After stratifying by season, higher values of other outdoor air pollutants were found to significantly affect hospitalization: 4‐week exposure to C6H6 (Season 2011–2012, 4.090 [1.184–14.130]) and PM2.5 (Season 2017–2018, 1.282 [1.032–1.593]), and 1‐week exposure to C6H6 (Season 2012–2013, 6.193 [1.552–24.710]), NO2 (Season 2013–2014, 1.064 [1.009–1.122]), PM2.5 (Season 2013–2014, 1.080 [1.023–1.141]), and PM10 (Season 2018–2019, 1.102 [0.991–1.225]).ConclusionHigh levels of PM2.5, C6H6, NO2, and PM10 may increase the risk of hospitalization in children affected by bronchiolitis. Open‐air exposure of infants during rush hours and in the most polluted areas should be avoided.

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“…Exposure to air pollution has been associated with various health effects, such as higher incidence of mental health disorders (Bakolis et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2023), adverse birth outcomes (Blanc et al, 2022) and cardiorespiratory diseases (Halios et al, 2022). Children are particularly susceptible to the negative health impacts of air pollution exposure due to their immature immune and lung systems (Cai et al, 2020;Whitehouse and Grigg, 2021). Childhood exposure to outdoor air pollution is linked to childhood asthma (Khreis et al, 2018), poor earlylife organ development (Exley et al, 2022) and reduced lung function growth (Gauderman et al, 2002(Gauderman et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Inequalities in Personal Exposure to Pm2.5: A Modelling Study for the Greater London School-Aged Population

Ferguson

Taylor

Symonds

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Air pollution and children’s health: where next?

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Near-fatal and fatal asthma and air pollution: are we missing an opportunity to ask key questions?

Near-fatal and fatal asthma and air pollution: are we missing an opportunity to ask key questions?

Exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in an urban environment: A 9‐year observational study

Analysis of Inequalities in Personal Exposure to Pm2.5: A Modelling Study for the Greater London School-Aged Population

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