Air pollution and anemia as risk factors for pneumonia in ecuadorian children: a retrospective cohort analysis

Harris, Aaron M.; Sempértegui, Fernando; Estrella, Bertha; Narváez, Ximena; Egas, J; Woodin, Mark; Durant, John L.; Naumova, Elena N.; Griffiths, Jeffrey K.

doi:10.1186/1476-069x-10-93

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…24 Low hemoglobin level was found to be an independent risk factor for ALRTIs as it was detected in 56.25% of bronchiolitis cases, 62.5% of pneumonia cases and 42.71% of the control group (P = 0.044). 23 These data came in concordance with the study done by Harris et al 25 These authors studied anemia and air pollution as risk factors for ARLTIs and found that anemic children were at increased risk of hospitalization after an acute respiratory infection when compared to healthy nonanemic children. They explained their findings by hypothesis that anemia independently decreases oxygen delivery to tissue thereby enhancing poor tissue oxygenation which remains a central pathophysiological deficit in ARTIs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

Kulkarni

Chougule

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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INTRODUCTIONPneumonia remains the number one cause for under five deaths worldwide. Out of 6.3 million children dying before 5 years, 0.935 million patients die due to Pneumonia.1 Different approaches have been tried to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia such as immunization, vitamin A supplementation and zinc supplementation. 3 The vitamin D converts immune response from TH1 to TH2 response. It also helps in rapid response at the cellular level. It helps in activation of macrophages. 4,5 It is also noted that children with pneumonia had lower vitamin D levels.6-8 They also may have lower dietary vitamin D intake. 9Keeping this in mind, we decided to perform an evaluation of vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed to have pneumonia. We also aimed to investigate impact of severity of vitamin D deficiency on severity of pneumonia. We also investigated the prevalence of ABSTRACT Background: Pneumonia remains number one cause for morbidity and mortality in children. Vitamin D has been shown to have immunomodulatory activity. Hence to find correlation between vitamin D and pneumonia cases the study was carried out. Methods: A case control study was conducted at a rural hospital in Vadgaon. From September 2015 onwards all children under 5 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia were invited to participate in our study. Patients who consented for study underwent serum vitamin 25 (OH) D3 estimation along with other routine investigations as indicated. During the same study period, parents of otherwise healthy children fewer than 5 years age who came to our immunization clinic were invited to participate in the study as a control group. Results: Vitamin 25(OH) D3 levels in pneumonia cases study group (N=40) 12.048±6.015 ng/ml (mean±SD) and in control (N=35) 22.65±11.77 ng/ml (mean±SD) that is statistically significant (P<0.0001) and hemoglobin (Hb) in Cases (N=40) with 8.55±1.27 gm/dl (mean±SD); control group (N=19) with 10.31±0.9 gm/dl (mean±SD)levels was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.0001).All patients with severe pneumonia needing ICU management were found to be deficient in vitamin D levels. Children with pneumonia had higher level of anemia. All children admitted to ICU had Moderate to severe anemia. Conclusions: There is a correlation between Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia and there is also correlation between level of anemia and severity of pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

Kulkarni

Chougule

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…Our findings underscore the fact that even poor nutrition or marginal malnutrition can predispose children to pneumonia. Anemia also significantly increases the risk of pneumonia in children (Harris et al 2011). Anemia also significantly increases the risk of pneumonia in children which indicate that anemia might be a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia; however further studies are needed to confirm this association.…”

Section: Figure-1: Percent Distribution Of Children By Different Catementioning

confidence: 85%

A Study on the Relationship between Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea among Preschool Children in Kushtia

Rahman¹,

Khatun²,

Azhar³

et al. 2014

PRIJ

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The prevalence of diarrhoea and pneumonia is quite alarming amongst children under 5 years of age who belong to low socioeconomic status. This study was carried out from January to December (2012) in Kushtia, and the total sample were boys (209) and girls (191). Anthropometric measurements were performed by standard methods National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS). The prevalence of severe underweight, stunting and wasting (≤ -3 SD) were found in the sample data about 11%, 22% and 17% respectively; whereas the prevalence of pneumonia, diarrhea and both pneumonia & diarrhea was found 53%, 44.50% and 38.75% respectively. The high prevalence of pneumonia (62.72%) and frequency (1.85) were found in under 12 months age group, while diarrhea (48.86%) and both pneumonia & diarrhea (45.45%) were found in 13-24 months age group. A greatest relationship was found between mother and child health status. About 89.26% mothers with poor health status have a sick child. Among the mothers with good health, the percentage of sick children was 45.73%. In this study, 34.25% of children were found to be severe anemic, 40.25% of children were found to be moderately anemic and 25.50% were nonanemic. Our findings underscore the fact that even poor nutrition or marginal malnutrition can predispose children to pneumonia. Anemia also significantly increased the risk of pneumonia in children. Our study revealed that anemia might be a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia; however further studies with statistical model is needed to confirm. This study also indicated that children with diarrhea were at increased risk of pneumonia.

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“…Childhood pneumonia is the world's leading causes of death among children [1][2][3], with about 800000 deaths annually of children <5 years of age [4,5]. Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children <5 years old in China [6] and one of the leading causes of death in adults in China [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Home risk factors for childhood pneumonia in Nanjing, China

et al. 2013

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Pneumonia is a major cause of childhood morbidity in China. Many studies of rural areas have found an association between pneumonia and air pollution from burning of bio-mass. The present study is of children living in urban, modern homes without burning of bio-mass. In order to investigate potential home risk factors associated with children's pneumonia, China Child Home Health (CCHH) questionnaires were randomly distributed to parents of 6461 children in 23 kindergartens in all 11 districts of Nanjing, covering urban, suburban, and industrial areas. The 4014 valid questionnaires (response rate 65.7%) were returned and have been analyzed. The lifetime incidence of pneumonia in Nanjing children 1-8 years old is 26.7%. The incidence of croup, asthma and frequent common colds was strongly associated with pneumonia, as was a history of allergies in the family, and persons other than parents (for example grandparents or nanny) taking care of the child. Several home environmental factors, namely, dampness, lack of ventilation, using coal or natural gas (electricity as reference) for cooking, new furniture, and "modern" floor and wall covering materials were also significantly associated with pneumonia. The indoor environment typical of modern apartments in China was a risk factor for pneumonia among children.ventilation, dampness, life style, pneumonia

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Air pollution and anemia as risk factors for pneumonia in ecuadorian children: a retrospective cohort analysis

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

Correlation of serum vitamin D levels and anemia in childhood pneumonia: a case control study from rural area

A Study on the Relationship between Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea among Preschool Children in Kushtia

Home risk factors for childhood pneumonia in Nanjing, China

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