“…Alam et al (2014) revealed that PM 10 concentrations varied between 254 and 555 during March 2010 in Lahore (Alam et al, 2014). Urban air pollution mainly consists of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone (O 3 ), and a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic matter, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) (Kaliyaperumal and Sharma, 2021;Joshi, 2023). These air pollutants are emitted from the combustion of fuel in industries and vehicles.…”
Evaluating the potential impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate change on air pollution is crucial to unravel the driving forces and mechanisms behind changes in air quality. A multi-faceted approach was adopted, including a land change model (LCM) and Mann–Kendall (MK) test, to evaluate the transition of land cover type, changes in climate, and atmospheric pollutants during 2004–2021 in Pakistan. Moreover, a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model and a mathematical model were used to assess the potential contribution of LULCC and climate dynamics to atmospheric pollution. It was revealed that during 2004, croplands covered an area of 9.72 × 104 mile2, accounting for 38% of the total area. However, the area of the croplands increased to 10.1 × 104 mile2, accounting for 40% of the total area in 2021. The MK test showed that the north and west–south regions significantly experienced air pollution, with the increasing trend for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) being 0.89× 1015 molecules/cm2 per year and 0.54 DU/year, respectively. For climate variability, mean precipitation (Precp) and mean surface pressure (SP) showed a prominent increasing trend, with a maximum value of 1 mm/year and 0.01 Kpa/year, respectively. The mean temperature maximum (Tmax) showed an increasing and decreasing trend, with the highest value of 0.28°C/year and 0.08°C/year, respectively. In the context of contribution, the conversion of cropland to grasslands increased the trend for SO2 concentrations. The highest increasing trend of 1.5 DU for ozone (O3) was found due to conversion of grasslands to shrublands. Additionally, regional climate played a significant role in making air pollution stagnant across the country. Precp and wind speed (WS) contributed significantly in escalating NO2 concentrations in Pakistan, while Precp contributed most (0.004 DU) to increasing SO2 concentrations. For O3, the most influential climate factor was Precp. These results on a long-term temporal scale demonstrated how maintaining climate variability through comprehensive land use management can help improve ambient air quality in Pakistan.
“…Alam et al (2014) revealed that PM 10 concentrations varied between 254 and 555 during March 2010 in Lahore (Alam et al, 2014). Urban air pollution mainly consists of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone (O 3 ), and a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic matter, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) (Kaliyaperumal and Sharma, 2021;Joshi, 2023). These air pollutants are emitted from the combustion of fuel in industries and vehicles.…”
Evaluating the potential impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate change on air pollution is crucial to unravel the driving forces and mechanisms behind changes in air quality. A multi-faceted approach was adopted, including a land change model (LCM) and Mann–Kendall (MK) test, to evaluate the transition of land cover type, changes in climate, and atmospheric pollutants during 2004–2021 in Pakistan. Moreover, a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model and a mathematical model were used to assess the potential contribution of LULCC and climate dynamics to atmospheric pollution. It was revealed that during 2004, croplands covered an area of 9.72 × 104 mile2, accounting for 38% of the total area. However, the area of the croplands increased to 10.1 × 104 mile2, accounting for 40% of the total area in 2021. The MK test showed that the north and west–south regions significantly experienced air pollution, with the increasing trend for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) being 0.89× 1015 molecules/cm2 per year and 0.54 DU/year, respectively. For climate variability, mean precipitation (Precp) and mean surface pressure (SP) showed a prominent increasing trend, with a maximum value of 1 mm/year and 0.01 Kpa/year, respectively. The mean temperature maximum (Tmax) showed an increasing and decreasing trend, with the highest value of 0.28°C/year and 0.08°C/year, respectively. In the context of contribution, the conversion of cropland to grasslands increased the trend for SO2 concentrations. The highest increasing trend of 1.5 DU for ozone (O3) was found due to conversion of grasslands to shrublands. Additionally, regional climate played a significant role in making air pollution stagnant across the country. Precp and wind speed (WS) contributed significantly in escalating NO2 concentrations in Pakistan, while Precp contributed most (0.004 DU) to increasing SO2 concentrations. For O3, the most influential climate factor was Precp. These results on a long-term temporal scale demonstrated how maintaining climate variability through comprehensive land use management can help improve ambient air quality in Pakistan.
“…Indigenously, many plants are very useful for finding medicinal constituents which are applied in various fields including pharmacological, pharmaceutical, biological etc [7][8][9][10] . People have adopted the historic illnesses healing structures like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani to maintain away from unfavorable factor outcomes of artificial drugs [11][12][13] . The herbal formulations had been used with the beneficial resource of the natural medicinal practitioners except perception the plant compounds and these practices have been continued technology to generations barring documentation.…”
Traditionally, many indigenous plants are identified for their impending supply of medicinal compounds which are used in traditional medicine. Herein, the in-vitro anti-cancer property of Kaempferol-6-methoxy7-O-glucoside was once isolated from Lantana camara flowers. This compound was once characterised through 13C, 1H NMR, FT-IR and UV spectroscopy. Lantana camara flowers have been found the very best anti-cancer activity due to absolute best flavonoids content. This medicinal plant has potential flavonoids composition which should supply scientific evidences for the usage of in the remedy of most cancers.
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