Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines

Gadde, Butchaiah; Bonnet, Sophie; Menke, Christoph; Garivait, Savitri

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.004

Cited by 534 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The reason for this would have been the difference in the C/N ratio of straw (38.9 for harvested straw and 17.1 for mushroom beds, Tables 1 and 3). Gadde et al (2009) compiled GHG emissions factors from straw burning (CO 2 : 1460 g kg dry straw −1 in (2001)). Using these values and the GWP of each gas species, the total GHG emissions amounted to 1607 g CO 2-eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice straw is one of the main residues produced in the region, and its management varies widely. Open burning of straw is a common practice in rice straw management in Asia (Gadde et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, according to Gadde et al (2009), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions factors for rice straw burning are not yet available. Furthermore, emissions factors for each gas species cited from different papers were to calculate the gaseous emissions from open field burning of rice straw in India, Thailand and the Philippines in Gadde et al (2009). These results indicated that few straw burning experiments integrally quantified major GHG emissions factors [e.g., carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), N 2 O and non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions (NMVOC)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Arai

Hosen

Hong

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The Mekong Delta produces 21 Mt of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) and an estimated 24 Mt of straw (dry weight) annually. Approximately one fourth of the straw is burned on the field, which is a common practice in intensive rice cultivation systems in this region because there is limited time to prepare the field for the next crop. The spread of intensive rice production in the Delta may increase the total biomass of burning crop residues, significantly impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Vietnam. In this study, GHG emissions from the major uses of straw (burning and mushroom beds) were monitored in a triple rice cropping system located in the central Mekong Delta. Between September 2011 and November 2012, both wind tunnel and closed chamber methods were used to measure the emissions of major GHGs from straw-burning and straw-mushroom cultivation systems, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) was then determined. Methane (CH 4 ) and non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions (NMVOC) increased with lower modified combustion efficiency [MCE: emissions ratio of Carbon composing carbon dioxide (CO 2 -C) and carbon monooxide (CO-C) (CO 2 -C/(CO-C + CO 2 -C))]. Furthermore, higher moisture straw stacks generated lower nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Small straw stacks (5 or 10 kg dry straw) with higher moisture content emitted more carbon monoxide (CO), CH 4 and NMVOC. These results suggest that factors that increase the straw moisture content, such as rainfall, can cause smoldering combustion in small straw stacks or when straw is scattered on the ground, thereby inhibiting N 2 O emissions but enhancing CO, CH 4 and NMVOC. The measured N 2 O emissions contributed negligible amounts to the GWP compared with measured CO and CH 4 , which are relatively intense GHG emissions; this was likely a result of the slow and inefficient burning that was observed from the smaller straw stacks with higher moisture content. In this study, rice straw burning threatened to generate more GHGs than straw-mushroom (Volvariella volvacea (Bul. ex Fr.) Singer) cultivation under the studied agroecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Arai

Hosen

Hong

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Farmers usually dispose of the cereal crop residue through open field burning. This leads not only to emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide and harmful air pollutants into the atmosphere, (Gadde et al, 2009), but also causes loss of nutrients. To minimize this problem, recycling of nutrients (N, P and K) through crop residue incorporation is one of the desired options that may lead to effective disposal and help overcome the deficiencies of other nutrients, viz., S, Zn and B deficiencies, which are widespread in the IGP region (Prasad, 2005).…”

Section: Issn: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Potassium and Crop Residue Levels on Potassium Solubilizers and Crop Yield under Maize-Wheat Rotation

Raghavendra¹,

Singh²,

Gaind³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Effects of crop residue burning on aerosol properties, plume characteristics, and long‐range transport over northern India

et al. 2014

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Aerosol emissions from biomass burning are of specific interest over the globe due to their strong radiative impacts and climate implications. The present study examines the impact of paddy crop residue burning over northern India during the postmonsoon (October-November) season of 2012 on modification of aerosol properties, as well as the long-range transport of smoke plumes, altitude characteristics, and affected areas via the synergy of ground-based measurements and satellite observations. During this period, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images show a thick smoke/hazy aerosol layer below 2-2.5 km in the atmosphere covering nearly the whole Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The air mass trajectories originating from the biomass-burning source region over Punjab at 500 m reveal a potential aerosol transport pathway along the Ganges valley from west to east, resulting in a strong aerosol optical depth (AOD) gradient. Sometimes, depending upon the wind direction and meteorological conditions, the plumes also influence central India, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal, thus contributing to Asian pollution outflow. The increased number of fire counts (Terra and Aqua MODIS data) is associated with severe aerosol-laden atmospheres (AOD 500 nm > 1.0) over six IGP locations, high values of Ångström exponent (>1.2), high particulate mass 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) concentrations (>100-150 μgm À3 ), and enhanced Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index gradient (~2.5) and NO 2 concentrations (~6 × 10 15 mol/cm 2 ), indicating the dominance of smoke aerosols from agricultural crop residue burning. The aerosol size distribution is shifted toward the fine-mode fraction, also exhibiting an increase in the radius of fine aerosols due to coagulation processes in a highly turbid environment. The spectral variation of the single-scattering albedo reveals enhanced dominance of moderately absorbing aerosols, while the aerosol properties, modification, and mixing atmospheric processes differentiate along the IGP sites depending on the distance from the aerosol source, urban influence, and local characteristics.

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Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines

Cited by 534 publications

References 15 publications

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Greenhouse gas emissions from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the Mekong Delta

Effect of Potassium and Crop Residue Levels on Potassium Solubilizers and Crop Yield under Maize-Wheat Rotation

Effects of crop residue burning on aerosol properties, plume characteristics, and long‐range transport over northern India

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