Air pollutant emission factors of solid fuel stoves and estimated emission amounts in rural Beijing

Deng, Mengsi; Li, Pengchao; Ma, Rongjiang; Shan, Ming; Yang, Xudong

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105608

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A substantially higher emission factor for bituminous coal (14.4 g/kg) is reported by Butcher and Ellenbecker [11]. The EF value for anthracite coal was reported to be only 0.5 g/kg, which is related to a low volatile flammable substance content and a high fixed carbon content, which stabilised combustion during the heating period [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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The use of waste from the regional production of waste wood, waste paper, and cardboard in the form of briquettes may be causing an increase in local emissions, both of major elements and trace elements. When burning paper and cardboard briquettes, more than 70% of Mn, Zn, As, and Pb is released into the air from the total content of trace elements in the fuel. The largest amounts of major and trace elements are released when burning paper briquettes (56 g/kg of fuel); half of these amounts are released from burning briquettes from waste wood and coal (23 g/kg of fuel). The pursuit of alternative uses for those cardboard components that are not suitable for recycling cannot be directed to the production of briquettes for residential combustion in the framework of the application of the principles of the circular economy. In particular, the high concentrations of undesirable elements in the emissions released in the gas phase into the atmosphere are an obstacle existing even when the parameters of the PM10 emissions of a boiler are met. This is related to the high ash content of the cardboard (13.5%). Waste paper or cardboard could be added to waste wood at a maximum of 10% to make the pollution produced comparable to the burning of coal briquettes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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“…Major sources include the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels whether for cooking, transportation, industrial or power generation purposes ( Sonibare, 2010 ; Fakinle et al., 2013 ; Okedere et al., 2017a ; Balmes, 2019 ). Others include gas flaring, biomass burning, road construction and animal houses ( Giwa et al., 2019a ; Muleski and Cowherd, 2005 ; Winkel et al., 2015 ; Balmes, 2019 ; Deng et al., 2020 ). Several epidemiology reports on the effects of PM 10 and PM 2.5 abound ( Wyzga and Rohr, 2015 ; Thompson, 2018 ).…”

Section: Common Anthropogenic Air Pollutants: Sources and Adverse Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

Okedere

Elehinafe

Oyelami

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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This study presents a review of sources and atmospheric levels of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria with a view to reviewing the existence or otherwise of national coordination aimed at mitigating the continued increase. According to individual researcher's reports, the atmospheric loading of anthropogenic air pollutants is currently on an alarming increase in Nigeria. Greater concerns are premised on the inadequacy existing emission inventories, continuous assessment, political will and development of policy plans for effective mitigation of these pollutants. The identified key drivers of these emissions include gas flaring, petroleum product refining, thermal plants for electricity generation, transportation, manufacturing sector, land use changes, proliferation of small and medium enterprises, medical wastes incineration, municipal waste disposal, domestic cooking, bush burning and agricultural activities such as land cultivation and animal rearing. Having identified the key sources of anthropogenic air emissions and established the rise in their atmospheric levels through aggregation of literature reports, this study calls for a review of energy policy, adoption of best practices in the management air emissions and solid wastes as well as agriculture and land use pattern which appear to be the rallying points of all identified sources of emission. The study concluded that the adoption of cleaner energy policies and initiatives in energy generation and usage as against pursuit of thermal plants and heavy dependence on fossil fuels will assist to ameliorate the atmospheric loadings of these pollutants.

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“…This result indicates that coal consumption is hard to replace because bituminous has a cost advantage. Hence, this rural energy structure dominated by bituminous coal is likely to persist for the next few years, and it will remain the primary source of household cooking and heating energy in many developing countries, including China [14,15]. Finding a pragmatic, affordable solution is of the highest priority in order to decrease emissions from the burning of solid fuel for cooking and heating among rural households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Novel Bituminous Coal Pellet Combustion in an Automatic Heating Stove

et al. 2022

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Coal is China’s dominant energy source, among which bituminous coal is the most extensive and plentiful. Using bituminous coal resources to design a low-emission household fuel is very important for rural poverty areas. In this work, a new type of bituminous coal pellet (BCP) fuel using an automatic prototype pellet stove was designed for the first time. This study mainly shows the emission characteristic results of BCPs and some comparisons with other commercial solid fuels. Fuel property, PM2.5 morphology, and ash characteristics of the novel fuel were also assessed. In terms of fuel properties, BCPs had a cold compressive strength of 637.2 N, a heating value of 22.26 MJ/kg, and many fine pores in the cross-section for air entry. The real-time emissions of BCPs were stable during combustion. The emission factors of PM2.5 and CO of BCPs were 1.36–2.29 g/kg and 11.1–18.0 g/kg, which were significantly lower than those of bituminous chunk and bituminous briquette (p < 0.05). PM2.5 and CO reduced emissions by 83–90% and 61–76%, respectively, compared with raw coal chunk. According to the chemical composition and morphological characteristics, the PM2.5 from BCP combustion can be divided into fine particulates, molten char particles, and char fragmentation. The ash from BCPs had a higher melting temperature (over 1300 °C), with removable ash agglomeration. Overall, the results presented in this study highlight that turning bituminous coal into pellets and burning them in automatic stoves could noticeably reduce PM2.5 and CO emissions, effectively improving rural air quality.

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Air pollutant emission factors of solid fuel stoves and estimated emission amounts in rural Beijing

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Novel Bituminous Coal Pellet Combustion in an Automatic Heating Stove

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