Air mass trajectories to Summit, Greenland: A 44‐year climatology and some episodic events

Kahl, Jonathan D. W.; Martinez, Dewayne A.; Kuhns, Hampden D.; Davidson, C. I.; Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc; Harris, Joyce M.

doi:10.1029/97jc00296

Cited by 136 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…3a) and the implied westerly flow over the northern parts of Greenland linked with higher Ca 2+ values, is consistent with the expected transport of dust from these sources to Greenland (e.g. Kahl et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The influence of regional circulation patterns on wet and dry mineral dust and sea salt deposition over Greenland

et al. 2006

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Annually resolved ice core records from different regions over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of calcium (Ca 2+ , mainly from mineral dust) and sodium (Na + , mainly from sea salt) deposition. Cores of high common inter-annual variability are grouped with an EOF analysis, resulting in regionally representative Ca 2+ and Na + records for northeastern and central Greenland. Utilizing a regression and validation method with ERA-40 reanalysis data, these common records are associated with distinct regional atmospheric circulation patterns over the North American Arctic, Greenland, and Central to Northern Europe. These patterns are interpreted in terms of transport and deposition of the impurities. In the northeastern part of the GrIS sea salt records reflect the intrusion of marine air masses from southeasterly flow. A large fraction of the Ca 2+ variability in this region is connected to a circulation pattern suggesting transport from the west and dry deposition. This pattern is consistent with the current understanding of a predominantly Asian source of the dust deposited over the GrIS. However, our results also indicate that a significant fraction of the inter-annual dust variability in NE and Central Greenland is determined by the frequency and intensity of wet deposition during the season of high atmospheric dust loading, rather than representing the variability of the Asian dust source and/or long-range transport to Greenland. The variances in the regional proxy records explained by the streamfunction patterns are high enough to permit reconstructions of the corresponding regional deposition regimes and the associated circulation patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The influence of regional circulation patterns on wet and dry mineral dust and sea salt deposition over Greenland

et al. 2006

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“…By splitting the annual snowfall into approximately monthly slices, it appears as if an upward trend since 1950 can be observed in the winter/ spring concentrations [34], when Greenland sees a greater proportion of airmasses from Eurasia [36], but not in the summer, when airmasses are most frequently from North America. The lack of an increase has to be treated a little cautiously, not only because of the noisy signal, but also because the conversion of ammonia to aerosol, and therefore its deposition efficiency, both en route and in Greenland, will have altered as sulfate and nitrate have increased.…”

Section: Ice-core Records: Anthropogenic Change In Ammoniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice sheets and nitrogen

Wolff

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Snow and ice play their most important role in the nitrogen cycle as a barrier to land–atmosphere and ocean–atmosphere exchanges that would otherwise occur. The inventory of nitrogen compounds in the polar ice sheets is approximately 260 Tg N, dominated by nitrate in the much larger Antarctic ice sheet. Ice cores help to inform us about the natural variability of the nitrogen cycle at global and regional scale, and about the extent of disturbance in recent decades. Nitrous oxide concentrations have risen about 20 per cent in the last 200 years and are now almost certainly higher than at any time in the last 800 000 years. Nitrate concentrations recorded in Greenland ice rose by a factor of 2–3, particularly between the 1950s and 1980s, reflecting a major change in NO x emissions reaching the background atmosphere. Increases in ice cores drilled at lower latitudes can be used to validate or constrain regional emission inventories. Background ammonium concentrations in Greenland ice show no significant recent trend, although the record is very noisy, being dominated by spikes of input from biomass burning events. Neither nitrate nor ammonium shows significant recent trends in Antarctica, although their natural variations are of biogeochemical and atmospheric chemical interest. Finally, it has been found that photolysis of nitrate in the snowpack leads to significant re-emissions of NO x that can strongly impact the regional atmosphere in snow-covered areas.

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“…Back-trajectory analysis has been widely applied in the field of atmospheric and glaciological sciences (Kahl et al 1997;Li et al 2009;Raben et al 2000;Theakstone 2008). The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT4 [Air Resources Laboratory, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, http:// www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html), were used to compute back-trajectories to Baishui No.…”

Section: Trajectory Analyses and Sea-salt Tracermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations of major ions in fresh snow at Baishui Glacier No. 1, Yulong Mountain, China

Zhu

et al. 2012

Environ Earth Sci

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This study presented a study of seasonal variations of major ion concentrations in fresh snow on Baishui Glacier No. 1, the largest glacier on Yulong Mountain, China. Fresh snow samples at Baishui Glacier No. 1 were collected from November 2008 to October 2009 for chemical data analysis. The results showed that the neutralizing effect of terrestrial source aerosols raised the pH value of fresh snow. The conductivity of fresh snow was much higher in dry season than that in rainy season. It was evident that the concentration of inorganic ions was generally higher in the dry season than that in rainy season, and the highest values occurred in the pre-monsoon period (April-May). The ions of fresh snow mainly came from terrestrial under the influence of west wind circulation and the Plateau monsoon in dry seasons, and had much complex sources in rainy season under the control of southeast and southwest monsoons. Both wind speed and precipitation had potential effects on ion concentration and composition of fresh snow as well. Moreover, principal component analysis showed that fresh snow ions were mainly from local lithology in dry season and from oceans in rainy season.

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Air mass trajectories to Summit, Greenland: A 44‐year climatology and some episodic events

Cited by 136 publications

References 33 publications

The influence of regional circulation patterns on wet and dry mineral dust and sea salt deposition over Greenland

The influence of regional circulation patterns on wet and dry mineral dust and sea salt deposition over Greenland

Ice sheets and nitrogen

Seasonal variations of major ions in fresh snow at Baishui Glacier No. 1, Yulong Mountain, China

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