Air–ground integrated deployment for UAV‐enabled mobile edge computing: A hierarchical game approach

Maximizing the latency fairness in UAV‐assisted MEC system

“…Recently, the rapid development of smart devices has led to the exponential growth in computationally rigorous and low latency service requirements, such as remote surgery, tactile internet, augmented and virtual reality, pedestrian reidentification, mobile crowd-sensing etc. [6,7,9,10]. The aforementioned applications are restricted by resource-constrained edge devices with lower computing capability and limited energy supply.…”

“…The aforementioned applications are restricted by resource-constrained edge devices with lower computing capability and limited energy supply. Thus, Offloading computation tasks of such devices to a centralized server can conceivably reduce the computing delay and energy dissipation of edge devices [7,9]. There are several challenges involved in enabling MEC systems such as privacy, prediction [11], time complexity in decision-making [12], burst load evacuation and scheduling [13], virtual and physical resource allocations [14] etc.…”

“…To overcome these challenges, considerable research efforts have been dedicated [9,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. In [9], a game theoretic based hierarchical system is proposed to improve the quality of data offloading. Stackelberg game-based model is utilized to correlate the relationship between the UAV and the ground users with simultaneous data gathering through a coalition formation game.…”

“…However, it will not always guarantee pure LoS propagation where the contribution of LoS depends on the elevation angle in between the UAV and the user. In current literature, most of the research attempts have assumed pure LoS propagation regardless of the elevation angle [9], [16][17][18][19][20]. To reflect the actual behaviour, we have considered the probabilistic LoS model proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) which calculates the contribution of the LoS component based on the environmental parameters and the elevation angle.…”

“…Another key advantage of UAV is the mobility which allows the UAV to adjust its position such that the system performance can be maximized. Therefore, positioning of the UAV plays a major role in UAV-assisted MEC systems which is not considered as a primary fact in the existing literature [9,[16][17][18]20]. However, we have considered position optimization such that the expected performance is maximized.…”