Air Gasification of Biomass in a Downdraft Fixed Bed:  A Comparative Study of the Inorganic and Organic Products Distribution

Bari, Isabella De; Barisano, D.; Cardinale, M.; Matera, D.; Nanna, F.; Viggiano, Donato

doi:10.1021/ef990243g

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The energy content of the gasification product gas ranges from 5 MJ/Nm 3 to 15 MJ/Nm 3 and is considered a low to medium energy content gas compared to natural gas (35 MJ/Nm 3 ). If air is used as the gasifying agent, then roughly half of the product gas is N 2 [de Bari, et al (2000)]. The relative amount of CO, CO 2 , H 2 O, H 2 , and hydrocarbons depends on the stoichiometry of the gasification process.…”

Section: Biomass Gasification Chemistry Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Literature on Catalytic Biomass Tar Destruction: Milestone Completion Report

Dayton

2002

173

203

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Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste * The term "tar" still lacks a broadly accepted definition in the field of biomass gasification. In the context of this report it is taken to mean all aromatic hydrocarbons with a molecular weight of 78 (benzene) or higher. The reader is referred to [Milne, Abatzoglou, and Evans, (1998) and Neeft, et al. (1999)] for a thorough discussion of this topic.

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Section: Biomass Gasification Chemistry Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Literature on Catalytic Biomass Tar Destruction: Milestone Completion Report

Dayton

2002

173

203

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“…It is well-known that ash particles composed of inorganic compounds are produced from biomass gasification. [28][29][30] The collected particles indicate the sum of soot, fragments of char, and ash particles. Figure 11 shows the effect of superficial velocity on particle yield.…”

Section: Tar Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Superficial Velocity on Tar from Downdraft Gasification of Biomass

et al. 2005

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Changes in the amount and composition of tar according to superficial velocity (SV) were investigated in a downdraft biomass gasifier. SV of the downdraft gasification with air was varied in the range of 0.3-0.7 m/s, and tar was recovered at the gasifier outlet. The tar was classified as gravimetric tar and gas-chromatography-detectable (GC-detectable) tar. The lowest gravimetric tar yield (0.7%) was obtained at 0.4 m/s SV, and the highest was obtained at 0.7 m/s. GC-detectable tar yield was highest (1.5%) at 0.7 m/s. One-ring aromatics and naphthalene accounted for more than 80% of GC-detectable tar mass. Some constituents of GC-detectable tar showed specific trends according to SV, although the main composition did not show extreme change. The effect of SV on the production of gases and particles was also studied.

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“…The absorbing solutions typically consist of either dilute H 2 SO 4 or HCl, and analyses of the absorbing solutions have been performed using techniques such as ion selective electrodes, colorimetry, and titration. 2,7 Instrumental techniques, such as FTIR, are also sometimes used for NH 3 analysis. 4,5,8 This paper provides a detailed discussion of an analytical procedure for offline, wet-chemical determination of NH 3 in syngas from biomass gasification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Chemical Method for Determining Levels of Ammonia in Syngas from a Biomass Gasifier

Norton

Brown

2005

Energy Fuels

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A wet chemical sampling method using acidic absorbing solutions was used to determine levels of ammonia (NH 3 ) in syngas from a biomass gasifier. Before syngas is bubbled into the absorbing solutions, a quartz thimble filter is used to filter ash from the gas stream at 450 °C followed by heavy tar removal at about 100 °C. When gasifying corn, good precision was observed for multiple samples collected on any given day of testing. Tests on producer gas obtained from gasification of switchgrass revealed important conditions for successfully sampling NH 3 . During gasification of switchgrass, high solids loading in the syngas caused the primary cyclone at the gasifier exit to plug, resulting in abnormally high ash loading in the thimble filter in the sampling system. While gasifying the switchgrass, the NH 3 levels showed a continuous decline throughout the day. It is suspected that NH 3 reacts with the ash in the thimble filter, confounding attempts to accurately measure NH 3 in the syngas. A wet chemical sampling method using acidic absorbing solutions was used to determine levels of ammonia (NH 3 ) in syngas from a biomass gasifier. Before syngas is bubbled into the absorbing solutions, a quartz thimble filter is used to filter ash from the gas stream at 450°C followed by heavy tar removal at about 100°C. When gasifying corn, good precision was observed for multiple samples collected on any given day of testing. Tests on producer gas obtained from gasification of switchgrass revealed important conditions for successfully sampling NH 3 . During gasification of switchgrass, high solids loading in the syngas caused the primary cyclone at the gasifier exit to plug, resulting in abnormally high ash loading in the thimble filter in the sampling system. While gasifying the switchgrass, the NH 3 levels showed a continuous decline throughout the day. It is suspected that NH 3 reacts with the ash in the thimble filter, confounding attempts to accurately measure NH 3 in the syngas.

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Air Gasification of Biomass in a Downdraft Fixed Bed: A Comparative Study of the Inorganic and Organic Products Distribution

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Review of the Literature on Catalytic Biomass Tar Destruction: Milestone Completion Report

Review of the Literature on Catalytic Biomass Tar Destruction: Milestone Completion Report

Effect of Superficial Velocity on Tar from Downdraft Gasification of Biomass

Wet Chemical Method for Determining Levels of Ammonia in Syngas from a Biomass Gasifier

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