The Air Force 2030 Science and Technology (S&T) Strategy calls for enhanced investment in transformational technologies to enable new warfighting concepts with leap-ahead capabilities (Department of the Air Force [DAF], 2019). In response, the DAF has dedicated a portion of the S&T budget to the transformational component of the portfolio and has created the Transformational Capabilities Office (TCO) within the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to manage these activities. The mission of the TCO is to foster transformational capabilities across a range of programs. A key question in this regard is how to identify and evaluate the most promising concepts, and how to do so in a data-enhanced manner.To this end, the TCO asked RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF) to develop data-enhanced approaches to identify, select, and promote the most promising concepts to feed into the transformational capability pipeline. In this report, we propose a human-centered, data-enhanced (HCDE) decisionmaking process. The process is intended to answer the question of which technologies to develop to meet the needs of the current and future force. The process is especially relevant to the TCO given the TCO's mandate to broadly consider capability gaps and technology solutions, yet elements of the process can be adopted by organizations with different responsibilities. The process leverages a prototype data science tool, the Semantic Clustering Analysis and Thematic Exploration Tool, for extracting information from free-text data sources. The process also leverages a collection of future-focused techniques, called foresight methods, that allow human experts to combine information from data sources, along with domain knowledge and creativity, to arrive at potential solutions. We demonstrate the HCDE process in three case studies involving (1) high-speed vertical takeoff and landing, (2) Joint All-Domain Command and Control, and (3) human capital management.The research reported here was commissioned by the AFRL's TCO (AFRL/RS) and conducted within the Force Modernization and Employment Program of PAF as part of a fiscal year 2021 add-on project, "Data-Driven Approaches for Advancing the Air Force Transformational Capability Pipeline."
RAND Project AIR FORCEPAF, a division of the RAND Corporation, is the DAF's federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses, supporting both the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Space Force. PAF provides the DAF with independent analyses of policy alternatives affecting the development, employment, combat readiness, and support of current and future air, space, and cyber forces. Research is conducted in four programs: Strategy and Doctrine; Force iv Modernization and Employment; Resource Management; and Workforce, Development, and Health. The research reported here was prepared under contract FA7014-16-D-1000.Additional information about PAF is available on our website: www.rand.org/paf/ This report documents work originally shared with the DAF on December 1, 2021. The draft report, issued on...