Air Filters, Pollution, and Student Achievement

Gilraine, Michael

doi:10.3368/jhr.0421-11642r2

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Such strategies, such as those recommended for patients with respiratory conditions, include: limiting outdoor exertion on high pollution days (many smartphones offer pollution warning messages and apps), avoiding physical exertion near major roadways and other sources of pollution, ventilating and isolating cooking areas (especially those with gas stoves), avoidance of indoor fires, and wearing high-quality facemasks when near sources of pollution for prolonged or high-intensity periods. 42 High-efficiency particulate air/arresting (HEPA) filters can substantially improve air quality and have been shown to have significant, cost-effective benefits to human health 43,44 ; encouraging routine (every 4−6 months) replacement of school and household air conditioning filters significantly reduces pollution exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are children with sickle cell disease at particular risk from the harmful effects of air pollution? Evidence from a large, urban/peri‐urban cohort

George

Maillis

Zhu

et al. 2023

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Introduction Pathophysiologic pathways of sickle cell disease (SCD) and air pollution involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial damage. It is therefore plausible that children with SCD are especially prone to air pollution's harmful effects. Methods Patient data were collected from a single‐center, urban/peri‐urban cohort of children with confirmed SCD. Daily ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) were collected via satellite‐derived remote‐sensing technology, and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone from local monitoring stations. We used multivariable regression to quantify associations of pollutant levels and daily counts of emergency department (ED) visits, accounting for weather and time trends. For comparison, we quantified the associations of pollutant levels with daily all‐patient (non‐SCD) ED visits to our center. Results From 2010 to 2018, there were 17,731 ED visits by 1740 children with SCD (64.8% HbSS/HbSβ0). Vaso‐occlusive events (57.8%), respiratory illness (17.1%), and fever (16.1%) were the most common visit diagnoses. Higher 3‐day (lags 0–2) rolling mean PM2.5 and CO levels were associated with daily ED visits among those with SCD (PM2.5 incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.051 [95% confidence interval: 1.010–1.094] per 9.4 μg/m3 increase; CO 1.088 [1.045–1.132] per 0.5 ppm). NO2 showed positive associations in secondary analyses; ozone levels were not associated with ED visits. The comparison, all‐patient ED visit analyses showed lower IRR for all pollutants. Conclusions Our results suggest short‐term air pollution levels as triggers for SCD events and that children with SCD may be more vulnerable to air pollution than those without SCD. Targeted pollution‐avoidance strategies could have significant clinical benefits in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are children with sickle cell disease at particular risk from the harmful effects of air pollution? Evidence from a large, urban/peri‐urban cohort

George

Maillis

Zhu

et al. 2023

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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“…There are also concerns about disproportionately low numbers of individuals from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and ethnic minorities going into STEM (Ghazzawi, Pattison and Horn, 2021 [35]; Science and Technology Committee, 2023 [36]; Bowser and Cid, 2021 [37]; OECD, 2023 [15]). Bowser and Cid (2021 [37]) highlight that this lack of socio-demographic diversity is particularly pronounced in ecology and environmental sciences, contrary to some other science and technology fields where more progress has been made.…”

Section: Fostering Diversity In Stem Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking education in the context of climate change

2024

OECD Education Working Papers

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State-of-the-art scientific evidence shows that our planet is approaching several environmental and climate tipping points faster than previously expected. This means that the international community is facing a rapidly closing window of opportunity to achieve profound transformations across sectors, systems and mindsets to secure a sustainable and liveable future. What is the role of education system in enabling social change at the massive scale and pace needed for climate change mitigation? And what policy levers can they employ to build resilience and adapt to environmental challenges? This paper explores ways to rethink educational approaches in the context of climate change, focussing primarily on school education, while exploring links to other levels of education. It looks specifically at strategies to restructure foundational science education and cross-curricular learning, zooms in on the potential of place-based approaches in empowering learners for action, and concludes by identifying policy levers to increase education system resilience.EDU/WKP(2024)02  5 Unclassified Table of contentsAcknowledgements .

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“…Pollution-mitigation efforts directly aimed at improving air quality in schools through mold removal, ventilation improvement, and school bus engine retrofitting projects have been causally linked to improved test scores by 0.07–0.20 standard deviations (SDs; Austin et al, 2019; Gilraine, 2020; Stafford, 2015). These findings are in line with earlier studies linking pollution and student performance in high schools and colleges in other countries, such as the United Kingdom (Roth, 2016) and Israel (Ebenstein et al, 2016).…”

Section: Review Of Evidence and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Policies as Education Policies? A Review of Causal Evidence and Mechanisms

Gopalan,

Edara

2023

AERA Open

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Despite lagging behind other high-income countries, the United States has made slow but steady improvements in health, especially for children from low-income households, through a series of health policies and programs since the 1990s. Have these health benefits spilled over to educational attainment and achievement? In this article, we systematically review the causal impact of various health policies and programs on children’s educational outcomes in the United States. We find that several health policies and programs aimed at improving the physical health of children and parents have modest spillover effects on key educational outcomes for school-age children. On the other hand, there is a paucity of research on policies aimed at improving children and adolescents’ mental health (and limited evidence on their efficacy on educational outcomes where research exists). We contextualize the effects of these health policies by providing benchmarks from other education policies and conclude with some key open questions and suggestions that can guide research and policymaking at the health-education nexus.

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Air Filters, Pollution, and Student Achievement

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Are children with sickle cell disease at particular risk from the harmful effects of air pollution? Evidence from a large, urban/peri‐urban cohort

Are children with sickle cell disease at particular risk from the harmful effects of air pollution? Evidence from a large, urban/peri‐urban cohort

Rethinking education in the context of climate change

Health Policies as Education Policies? A Review of Causal Evidence and Mechanisms

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