Air entrainment and mixture distribution in Diesel sprays investigated by optical measurement techniques

Riess, Sebastian; Weiß, Lukas; Peter, Andreas; Rezaei, Javad; Wensing, Michael

doi:10.1177/1468087417742527

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…diesel engines require a better understanding of the fuel injection process as well as liquid and vapor phase fuel concentration to improve engine efficiency, performance, and emissions. This is because, when the liquid fuel in the diesel engine is injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure atmosphere, the liquid fuel jet breaks up, and the fuel evaporates as well as mixes with the ambient air [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Vaporizing Diesel Spray with High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering Technique for Measuring Vapor and Liquid Phase Concentration Distributions

Ray

Safiullah

Naito

et al. 2023

Fuels

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The Conventional Laser Absorption Scattering (C-LAS) technique is used to measure the mixture concentration and visualize the vapor phase. The former is determined by the attenuation of visible and ultraviolet light whereas the latter is achieved via light absorption and scattering theory. The C-LAS uses the Nd: YAG pulsed laser and CCD cameras to provide one spray shot at a particular instance which requires time and effort. However, the temporal measurement of a single spray shot is not possible. To record the distribution of the whole vapor phase in an injection event and measure liquid and vapor concentrations inside the spray, a High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering (HS-LAS) technique was developed. The HS-LAS consists of continuous diode light sources, high-speed video cameras, and an image intensifier for UV light, which can provide the temporal variation of a single-shot spray. In the experiment, a commercial seven-hole injector with a hole diameter of 0.123 mm allowing high injection pressure of up to 100 MPa was used to avoid the potential inconsistencies with a single-hole test injector. The diesel surrogate fuel which consists of 97.5% n-tridecane and 2.5% of volume-based 1-methylnaphthalene was used. The injection amount of 5.0 mg/hole was selected to investigate the structure and mixture formation process of the spray. The findings of the experiments show that this imaging approach is a promising diagnostic technique for concurrently obtaining quantitative information on the quantity of vapor and droplets in a fuel spray. Furthermore, the turbulent/vortex fluid dynamics’ temporal development/variation can be investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Vaporizing Diesel Spray with High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering Technique for Measuring Vapor and Liquid Phase Concentration Distributions

Ray

Safiullah

Naito

et al. 2023

Fuels

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“…More and more combustion strategies such as RCCI, HCCI, PCCI [4,5] as subparts of low-temperature combustion to dualfuel combustion [6] in addition to improvements in engine parts and calibrations such as in-cylinder size, piston shape, injector design, and fuel injection strategies have been and will be investigated in order to reduce fuel consumption and engine emission and therefore, to achieve CO2 reduction. Air/fuel mixture formation in diesel engines is a significant process influences engine performance and exhaust gas emission production, and accordingly, nozzle shapes, fuel properties, ambient and fuel pressures and temperatures, and spray propagation parameters including penetration length and cone angle are widely being studied to elucidate how mixture formation is affected and amended by these parameters [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Meanwhile, studies for large-scale heavy-duty injector nozzles are still quite interesting due to the higher fuel mass flow rates and different behaviours of cavitation occurring inside the nozzles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture Formation Analysis for Diesel, n-Dodecane, RME, and HVO in Large-Scale Injector Nozzles

Fajri¹,

Mallada²,

Riess³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Momentum conservation is a principle rule that affects the behaviour of vapour jet and liquid spray penetration. The air entrainment and mixture formation processes are dominated by the momentum transferred from the fuel to the ambient gas. Thus, it is a significant factor in the development of spray and jet penetration. This mixture formation process is well described for small-scale passenger car injectors; however, it has to be investigated in more detail for large-scale injector nozzles. The current work provides qualitative and quantitative results of spray and jet parameters in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVC). Two optical methods have been utilized to evaluate spray and jet details: Schlieren photography as a method to visualize the jet penetration and cone angle as well as Mie scattering for the phase change evaluation and the determination of liquid spray parameters. The temperature and pressure of inert gas and fuel inside a CVC are set to exemplify engine conditions. The chamber temperature is ranged between 873 to 973K, the chamber pressure is increased from 5 to 7 MPa and the injection pressure is changed between 50 to 150 MPa. Four fuels are selected in order to shed light upon the effects of fuel properties on spray and jet parameters. As a part of this evaluation, n-dodecane and two types of bio-diesel fuel generations, RME (1 st Generation) and HVO (2 nd Generation) are dissected to expand their influences on mixture formation, which can be connected to the emission production in diesel engines. Finally, two largescale injector nozzles with an outlet hole diameter of 300 µm (cylindrical and conical nozzles) cover the effects of geometry parameters on spray and jet development. The results accentuate the fact that the liquid spray parameters are effectively fuel-dependent, while total jet parameters are mostly affected by nozzle geometry. Liquid spray length is varied from n-dodecane as a low-boiling fuel to RME as a less-volatile fuel. The conical nozzle results in less cavitation, which is effectively influential on liquid spray and total jet penetrations.

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“…There is only one paper in this Special Issue which is related to the diesel engine process focused here in particular on the mixing processes in diesel sprays. 19 Using the Mie scattering, Schlieren technique and Raman spectroscopy, Riess et al investigated the air entrainment and mixture distribution in sprays at diesel engine relevant ambient conditions. Mixture formation for diesel, gas-to-liquid diesel, biodiesel rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and ethanol is investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, the selected articles include seven articles related to SI engine processes, 9,10,14–18 one paper to the diesel engine process 19 and two to gas engine processes. 8,20 An additional article of Geiler et al 21 focused on the development of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to quantify in-cylinder fuel wall films.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

13th International Congress of Engine Combustion Processes: Current Problems and Modern Techniques (ENCOM2017)

Leipertz¹

2017

International Journal of Engine Research

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Air entrainment and mixture distribution in Diesel sprays investigated by optical measurement techniques

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of Vaporizing Diesel Spray with High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering Technique for Measuring Vapor and Liquid Phase Concentration Distributions

Evaluation of Vaporizing Diesel Spray with High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering Technique for Measuring Vapor and Liquid Phase Concentration Distributions

Mixture Formation Analysis for Diesel, n-Dodecane, RME, and HVO in Large-Scale Injector Nozzles

13th International Congress of Engine Combustion Processes: Current Problems and Modern Techniques (ENCOM2017)

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