Air-coupled 40-kHz ultrasonic 2D-phased array based on a 3D-printed waveguide structure

Jager, Axel; Grobkurth, Dominik; Rutsch, Matthias; Unger, Alexander; Golinske, Rene; Wang, Han; Dixon, Steve; Kupnik, Mario

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092532

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this work, an air-coupled ultrasonic phased-array [28] with an inter-element spacing of d = λ/2 is used to transmit grating-lobe-free beamformed sound burst to different receivers, while compensating for the parasitic sound drift effect. The compensation of the sound drift effect using a phasedarray has been proposed for liquids by Dassler [29], and for gases by Kang et al [30] and in our previous work [31].…”

Section: F (Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrasonic phased-array has an 8×8 uniform rectangular arrangement with a 3D-printed waveguide [Fig. 3(a)] to reduce the effective inter-element spacing from d t to d w = 4.3 mm ≈ λ/2 for grating lobe free beamforming [28]. The different lengths of the waveguide are compensated by delaying the signal of the corresponding transducer m by ∆t w,m [41].…”

Section: Transducer In the Ufm Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multipath Flow Metering of High-Velocity Gas Using Ultrasonic Phased-Arrays

Haugwitz

Hartmann

Allevato

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work we combine a multipath ultrasonic gas flow meter (UFM) with an ultrasonic air-coupled phasedarray. This allows complementing the advantages of a multipath UFM, i.e. higher accuracy and more robustness to irregular flow, with the extended velocity measuring range due to sound drift compensation via a phased-array. We created a 3D-printed flow meter consisting of an 8 × 8 λ/2 phased-array for transmission and 14 individual receivers for seven upstream and seven downstream sound paths. Measurements were conducted in a test rig with a maximum gas flow rates of 8.3 m 3 s −1 (107 m s −1 ). A differential pressure nozzle was used as reference sensor. Three configurations were compared: Parallel sound paths with a single transmitter; parallel sound paths with the phasedarray as transmitter; and fan-shaped sound paths with the phased-array as transmitter. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and deviation of measured flow were used as comparison criteria. In addition, we measured the optimum steering angles of the phased-array required to compensate the sound drift effect. Using the phased-array with the sound drift effect compensation enabled and disabled, the SNR increases by 10.6 dB and 4.95 dB, respectively, compared to the single transmitter setup at 83 m s −1 . Furthermore, the phased-array with compensation active, extends the velocity measuring range by 29%, from 83 m s −1 to 107 m s −1 , while maintaining a similar standard deviation of the flow measured. Besides demonstrating that a phased-array in a gas flow meter significantly extends the measurement range, our setup qualifies as versatile research platform for designing future high-velocity gas flow meters.

show abstract

Section: F (Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transducer In the Ufm Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipath Flow Metering of High-Velocity Gas Using Ultrasonic Phased-Arrays

Haugwitz

Hartmann

Allevato

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These factors directly affect the design of an ultrasonic flow meter. The array control and signal acquisition FPGA-based system, which has been specifically designed for operating and controlling the flexural ultrasonic array transducer, enables a balance between measurement accuracy and expediency [30,31]. Fundamentally, the flexural ultrasonic array transducer is a relatively inexpensive but robust and reliable solution, due to the inherent simplicity of its structure, and it can therefore be particularly advantageous for a wide range of industrial flow measurement applications.…”

Section: Implementation Of the Spatial Averaging Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, novel ultrasonic flow measurement systems based on flexural ultrasonic phased array transducers were devised and reported [28,29,30,31]. The beam-steering technique has been applied either to the transmitting process or to the receiving process of the phased array transducer, where air-coupled flexural ultrasonic phased array technology was shown to be inexpensive and robust, with low-voltage operation and each array element being able to generate a relatively broad ultrasound radiation pattern [28,29,30,31]. In this research, a two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic array transducer, whose structure is similar to that of the phased array transducer, but where each array element operates individually and independently, is further investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Velocity Measurement Using a Spatial Averaging Method with Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Array Technology

Kang

Feeney

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate average flow velocity determination is essential for flow measurement in many industries, including automotive, chemical, and oil and gas. The ultrasonic transit-time method is common for average flow velocity measurement, but current limitations restrict measurement accuracy, including fluid dynamic effects from unavoidable phenomena such as turbulence, swirls or vortices, and systematic flow meter errors in calibration or configuration. A new spatial averaging method is proposed, based on flexural ultrasonic array transducer technology, to improve measurement accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of the measurement results. A novel two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic array transducer is developed to validate this measurement method, comprising eight individual elements, each forming distinct paths to a single ultrasonic transducer. These paths are distributed in two chordal planes, symmetric and adjacent to a diametral plane. It is demonstrated that the root-mean-square deviation of the average flow velocity, computed using the spatial averaging method with the array transducer is 2.94%, which is lower compared to that of the individual paths ranging from 3.65% to 8.87% with an average of 6.90%. This is advantageous for improving the accuracy and reducing the uncertainty of classical single-path ultrasonic flow meters, and also for conventional multi-path ultrasonic flow meters through the measurement via each flow plane with reduced uncertainty. This research will drive new developments in ultrasonic flow measurement in a wide range of industrial applications.

show abstract

“…Optimal antenna selection under various side constraints is a long-standing open research problem that is fundamental in a number of array processing applications [1][2][3]. A traditional approach in optimizing the array geometry, commonly referred to as "array thinning", consists of eliminating sensors from a large uniform linear array structure with the objective to create a high resolution array with a reduced number of elements [4][5][6]. Similarly, in upcoming Massive MIMO systems, dedicated radio frequency (RF) chains for each antenna element are no longer affordable [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Antenna Selection and Phase-Only Beamforming Using Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming

Fischer,

Hegde,

Matter

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we consider the problem of joint antenna selection and analog beamformer design in downlink single-group multicast networks. Our objective is to reduce the hardware costs by minimizing the number of required phase shifters at the transmitter while fulfilling given distortion limits at the receivers. We formulate the problem as an 0 minimization problem and devise a novel branch-and-cut based algorithm to solve the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear program to optimality. We also propose a suboptimal heuristic algorithm to solve the above problem approximately with a low computational complexity. Computational results illustrate that the solutions produced by the proposed heuristic algorithm are optimal in most cases. The results also indicate that the performance of the optimal methods can be significantly improved by initializing with the result of the suboptimal method.

show abstract

Air-coupled 40-kHz ultrasonic 2D-phased array based on a 3D-printed waveguide structure

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Multipath Flow Metering of High-Velocity Gas Using Ultrasonic Phased-Arrays

Multipath Flow Metering of High-Velocity Gas Using Ultrasonic Phased-Arrays

Flow Velocity Measurement Using a Spatial Averaging Method with Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Array Technology

Joint Antenna Selection and Phase-Only Beamforming Using Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About