Air-core fiber distribution of hybrid vector vortex-polarization entangled states

Cozzolino, Daniele; Polino, Emanuele; Valeri, Mauro; Carvacho, Gonzalo; Bacco, Davide; Spagnolo, Nicolò; Oxenløwe, Leif Katsuo; Sciarrino, Fabio

doi:10.1117/1.ap.1.4.046005

Cited by 99 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The idea has been around since the 1980s in fibre and gained momentum in the past 10 years after seminal MDM demonstrations [10][11][12], inspired by work of the Nakazawa group. In free-space the development followed advances in orbital angular momentum (OAM), one of which was a proof-of-principle demonstration of communication down a corridor in the University of Glasgow [13], with many seminal demonstrations quickly following [14][15][16] including interesting applications such as communications to aerial platforms [17], and later with other mode sets [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], as well as with quantum states in the spatial mode basis [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox

Mphuthi

Nape

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

107

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Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon using structured light, encoding information into the spatial modes of light, and transmitting them down fibre and free-space, the latter crucial for addressing last mile and digitally disconnected communities. Unfortunately, patterns of light are easily distorted, and in the case of free-space optical communication, turbulence is a significant barrier. Here we review recent progress in structured light in turbulence, first with a tutorial style summary of the core concepts, before highlighting the present state-of-the-art in the field. We support our review with new experimental studies that reveal which types of structured light are best in turbulence, the behaviour of vector versus scalar light in turbulence, the trade-off of diversity and multiplexing, and how turbulence models can be exploited for enhanced optical signal processing protocols. This comprehensive treatise will be invaluable to the large communities interested in free-space optical communication with spatial modes of light.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox

Mphuthi

Nape

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This experiment also featured compensation of modal dispersion, which is necessary as the fibre length increases, even more so for entangled states produced by down-conversion processes, due to the typical low temporal coherence involved. Another experiment started with a polarisationentangled photon pair, where one of the photons gets further encoded with a superposition of OAM modes (vector vortex mode) to generate hybrid three-qubit entanglement [88]. The hybrid-encoded photon is transmitted through a 5 m-long air-core fibre, showing that hybrid high-dimensional entanglement can be propagated over SDM fibres.…”

Section: B Entanglement Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres

2020

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The optical fibre is an essential tool for our communication infrastructure since it is the main transmission channel for optical communications. The latest major advance in optical fibre technology is spatial division multiplexing (SDM), where new fibre designs and components establish multiple co-existing data channels based on light propagation over distinct transverse optical modes. Simultaneously, there have been many recent developments in the field of quantum information processing (QIP), with novel protocols and devices in areas such as computing, communication and metrology. Here, we review recent works implementing QIP protocols with SDM optical fibres, and discuss new possibilities for manipulating quantum systems based on this technology.Quantum information processing (QIP) is a field that has seen tremendous growth over the many years since Richard Feynman's seminal talk on the use of quantum computers to simulate physical systems [1]. When information bits are encoded on individual or entangled quantum states, a gain over traditional systems can be seen for some information processing tasks. A famous example is the well-known Shor's algorithm for prime number factorisation running on a quantum computer, where an impressive reduction in resources is obtained when compared to classical algorithms [2]. Another major application of QIP is in communication security, where the fact that unknown quantum states cannot be faithfully cloned [3] is exploited to detect the presence of an eavesdropper. This concept was used as the core foundation behind quantum key distribution (QKD), a communication protocol designed to distribute random private keys among remote parties [4,5]. As the first application to showcase in practice the benefits of QIP, QKD has experienced huge development ever since [6][7][8]. QKD is part of a more general family of protocols called quantum communications (QC), which includes other schemes such as quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping [9], aiming to be the communication backbone supporting future networks of quantum computers [10].During the last decades a number of technological features were developed by the telecommunication community in order to support the continuous increase in demand for more transmission bandwidth over a communication channel. These developments have been motivated by several applications that have cropped up along the years, from the internet to social networking and high-quality on-demand video streaming. Arguably the optical fibre has played a major role in the success of the telecommunication infrastructure, mainly due to its high transparency and highbandwidth support [11]. Technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) [12], and the erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) [13,14] have been major catalysts to the extremely high capacities and ultra-long transmission distances available today. The latest technological drive towards maintaining the bandwidth growth is called spatial division multiplexing (SDM), and it consists of employi...

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“…For instance, Ref. [10] describes a recently developed air-core fiber that supports OAM modes. High-fidelity distribution of the entangled states is demonstrated by performing quantum state tomography in the polarization-OAM Hilbert space after fiber propagation and by violations of Bell inequalities and multipartite entanglement tests.…”

Section: Basic Principles Of Quantum Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Communications in Future Networks and Services

Manzalini¹

2020

Quantum Reports

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Over the last few years, we have witnessed an impressive growth of data traffic and a progressive Digital Transformation of Industry and Society: the deployment of the ultra-broadband and low latency network infrastructures (e.g., 5G) are leading to a global digitalization of several domains. These techno-economic trends are expected to continue and even accelerate in the next decade, at end of which, 6G and smart networks and services will be exploited. Innovation will continue to drive the global economy into the next decade. This paper draws some technology trends and applications scenarios for this horizon, where Quantum Optical Communications are likely to disrupt Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Telecommunications. Among the enabling technologies and solutions moving in this direction, this paper briefly addresses: quantum optical switching and computing, THz-to-optical conversions and advanced metamaterials for smart radio-optical programmable environments and Artificial Intelligence. The paper concludes with the description of a future application scenario, called Quantum Optical Twin, where the above Quantum Optical Communications technologies are exploited to provide services such as: ultra-massive scale communications for connected spaces and ambient intelligence, holographic telepresence, tactile Internet, new paradigms of brain computer interactions, innovative forms of communications.

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Air-core fiber distribution of hybrid vector vortex-polarization entangled states

Cited by 99 publications

References 102 publications

Structured Light in Turbulence

Structured Light in Turbulence

Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres

Quantum Communications in Future Networks and Services

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