Air-cooled heat exchanger applied to external rotary kiln wall in forced and natural draft

Rotary kiln process: An overview of physical mechanisms, models and applications

“…The storage and recovery of heat waste from the kiln are keys to energy optimization. Huchet et al [147] assessed an annular heat exchanger mounted on the external shell in order to recover the excess heat lost at the exterior wall of a rotary kiln. It is essential to establish methods and models for designing or controlling the process, in particular predictive control models, e.g.…”

Heat Transport in Rotating Annular Duct: A Short Review

“…Upper Values e (m) e = 0.01 e = ∞ Microelectronics cooling device [25] Space vehicle technology, ball bearing [26] L(m) L → 0 Gas turbine discs cooling [27] L > 0 Heat recovery of burners [28] ω(rpm) ω = 50-114 ω = 30, 000 Bioreactor for culture cells [29] CO 2 turbine diffuser [4] Angle ϕ( • ) 0 ≤ ϕ < 90 Double-pipe heat exchanger [19] ϕ = 90 Vertical thermal energy storage tank [30] ∂T/∂r ( • C/m) −1 Geostrophic motion [31] +1 Most of the applications [14,15] Φ v , Φ w (−) 0.01 < Φ v < 0.1 0.006 < Φ w < 0.2 Al 2 O 3 /water Nanofluids [19] Viscoplastic type fluid [32] While important reviews have been conducted on simple annular geometry without a rotating effect for a double-pipe heat exchanger application [19,33], there are, according to our knowledge, no reviews that focus on the heat transport in rotating annular ducts. The benefits of this review are to reach triple objectives covering the theory development, the applications and the modelling aspects.…”

“…Under a non-isothermal working condition, the axial flow rate is aimed to release the recovered heat waste, leading to various regimes of thermal convection [14]. The addition of grooves to the inner or outer wall raises the heat transfer magnitude [15].…”

Energy efficiency of flights rotary kiln

“…The experimental apparatus is detailed in [10] and semi-empirical correlations have been deduced in that large range of flow regimes which are depicted in the table 1. Re eff > 10000…”