Air-Conditioning in Modern American Architecture, 1890–1970

Siry, Joseph M.

doi:10.1515/9780271089256

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As mentioned in Section 1, using water as a refrigerant is not a new idea, and it was used for the first time in 1934 in an air-conditioning system produced by Belmont. However, due to unfavourable thermophysical properties, water was gradually removed from the market, especially with the development of other refrigerants that made the systems more compact and economical [9]. Table 4 shows the advantages and disadvantages of water as a refrigerant.…”

Section: Water As a Refrigerantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor Compression Cycle: A State-of-the-Art Review on Cycle Improvements, Water and Other Natural Refrigerants

et al. 2023

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Air conditioning and refrigeration have become necessary in modern life, accounting for more than 7.8% of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted globally. Reducing the environmental impact of these systems is crucial for meeting the global GHG emission targets. Two principal directions must be considered to reduce the environmental impact of air conditioning systems. Firstly, reducing the direct effect by looking at less harmful refrigerants and secondly, reducing the indirect effect by searching for options to improve the system efficiency. This study presents the latest developments in the vapor compression cycle and natural refrigerants, focusing on water as a refrigerant. Natural refrigerants, and especially water, could be the ultimate solution for the environmental problems associated with the operation of vapor compression cycle (VCC) cooling systems, including ozone depletion (OD) and global warming (GW). Reducing the environmental impact of building cooling systems is essential, and the recent system improvements made to enhance the system coefficient of performance (COP) are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Though the cycle improvements discussed in this work are essential and could increase the system efficiency, they still need to solve the direct environmental impact of refrigerants. Accordingly, this paper suggests that natural refrigerants, including water, are the most suitable strategic choice to replace the current refrigerants in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Finally, this study reviews the latest VCC system improvements and natural refrigerants in order to guide interested researchers with solutions that may reduce the environmental impact of VCC systems and suggest future research areas.

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Section: Water As a Refrigerantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, if a solution for the technical challenges of using water as a refrigerant is found, it could be the ultimate solution for the environmental impact of the refrigeration cycle. This could achieve excellent efficiency, reduce the indirect environmental impact and, at the same time, have almost zero direct effect on the environment [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor Compression Cycle: A State-of-the-Art Review on Cycle Improvements, Water and Other Natural Refrigerants

et al. 2023

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“…Chang: I just reviewed a book on air conditioning in the United States by Joseph Siry (Siry 2021). The compressive refrigeration technology that enabled air conditioning was very much an American invention, but environmental and climatic management has a much longer history and this is where I think the colonies play a very important role -there's definitely an aspect of this boomerang effect.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, Colonial Technoscience, and Architectural History: An Interview with Jiat-Hwee Chang

Bakshi

2021

Architectural Histories

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Architectural historian Jiat-Hwee Chang teaches at the National University of Singapore and studies climatic design and technoscientific knowledge. In this interview, he discusses the themes and places that have influenced his work -from his early experiences as a student of architecture and how they have animated his book A Genealogy of Tropical Architecture: Colonial Networks, Nature, and Technoscience, of 2016, to his current manuscript Everyday Modernism: Architecture and Society in Singapore, to be published in 2022. In this conversation with Anita Bakshi, Chang reflects on the translation of architectural knowledge into the personal, political, and technical spheres and brings a rich range of knowledge and experience to bear on important current questions of environmental justice, urban inequality, and climate change.

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Creating ecologically sound buildings by integrating ecology, architecture and computational design

Weisser

Hensel²,

Barath

et al. 2022

People and Nature

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1. Research is revealing an increasing number of positive effects of nature for humans. At the same time, biodiversity in cities, where most humans live, is often low or in decline. Tangible solutions are needed to increase urban biodiversity.2. Architecture is a key discipline that has considerable influence on the built-up area of cities, thereby influencing urban biodiversity. In general, architects do not design for biodiversity. Conversely, urban conservation planning generally focuses on the limited space free of buildings and does not embrace architecture as an important discipline for the creation of urban green infrastructure.3. In this paper, we argue that the promotion of biodiversity needs to become a key driving force of architectural design. This requires a new multi-species design paradigm that considers both human and non-human needs. Such a design approach needs to maintain the standards of the architectural profession, including the aim to increase the well-being of humans in buildings. Yet, it also needs to add other stakeholders, organisms such as animals, plants and even microbiota.New buildings designed for humans and other inhabitants can then increase biodiversity in cities and also increase the benefits that humans can derive from close proximity to nature. 4. We review the challenges that this new design approach poses for both architecture and ecology and show that multi-species-design goes beyond existing approaches in architecture and ecology. The new design approach needs to | 5People and Nature WEISSER et al.

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Air-Conditioning in Modern American Architecture, 1890–1970

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Vapor Compression Cycle: A State-of-the-Art Review on Cycle Improvements, Water and Other Natural Refrigerants

Vapor Compression Cycle: A State-of-the-Art Review on Cycle Improvements, Water and Other Natural Refrigerants

Climate, Colonial Technoscience, and Architectural History: An Interview with Jiat-Hwee Chang

Creating ecologically sound buildings by integrating ecology, architecture and computational design

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