Air concentrations and deposition of chlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) at three high alpine monitoring stations: Trends and dependence on air masses

Kirchner, M.; Freier, Korbinian P.; Denner, Monika; Ratz, G.; Jakobi, Gert; Körner, Wolfgang; Ludewig, Elke; Schaub, Marcus; Schramm, Karl‐Werner; Weiß, Peter; Moche, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117199

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Although the emission fluxes of PCDD/Fs were lowest among these pollutants, the converted concentration of PCDD/Fs was still ∼3 fg/m 3 (Figure 2a, black dots), which is similar to the atmospheric concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the high mountains of Taiwan island 34 or the European Alps. 35 This raises the possibility that only the emissions of forest fires contribute to the PCDD/Fs found in the atmospheric environment of the central Himalaya.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Fires Enhance the Emission and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Central Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau

Gong

Wang

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Forest fires are considered one of the drivers of global carbon and aerosol emissions; however, few studies have focused on the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from forest fires and their regional impacts. In this study, we estimated the emissions of POPs and PAHs from South Asian forest fires and simulated the atmospheric transport of these fire-emitted pollutants to the Tibetan plateau over the Himalaya. It was found that forest fires on the southern slopes of the central Himalaya contributed 20−30% of atmospheric POPs and PAHs during the nonmonsoon season. Under a forest fire scenario, the transport fluxes of DDTs and PAHs increased by ∼25% and ∼20%, respectively, suggesting that forest fires can enhance the transboundary transport of organic pollutants to remote regions, even breaking the barrier of the Himalaya, the highest mountain range in the world. Considering the growth of large-scale wildfires driven by climatic and anthropogenic influences in recent years, forest fires may redistribute POPs globally and thus weaken the regulatory efficiency of the Stockholm Convention to protect remote/polar regions from POP pollution.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Fires Enhance the Emission and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Central Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau

Gong

Wang

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…Our results are generally consistent with the shallow decreasing ∑PCDD/F trends and median concentrations (0.045−0.062 pg/m 3 ) reported by Kirchner et al at three high-altitude European atmospheric monitoring stations in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland (2008−2013/2018). 29 Trends for dioxin-like PCBs (∑ 12 dl-PCB) concentrations are much less consistent, with no clear change over time apart from a statistically significant decrease at a single site (−8%, Svratouch, CZ4). Across the 12 sites, the median annual change is −1.0%, with an IQR of −4.3% to +3.0%, indicating minimal change over time.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results are generally consistent with the shallow decreasing ∑PCDD/F trends and median concentrations (0.045–0.062 pg/m 3 ) reported by Kirchner et al at three high-altitude European atmospheric monitoring stations in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland (2008–2013/2018). 28 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been numerous independent and short-term air sampling studies of POPs at individual sites or in specific countries over the last two decades, there have been few attempts to generate consistent long-term air monitoring data in Europe at sites outside of the major networks (EMEP/TOMPs/GAPS/MONET). The two exceptions are an international active sampling network in alpine regions of Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland (MONARPOP) , and a national Spanish passive air sampling network. , MONET is the largest POP monitoring network in Europe, with 32 long-term monitoring sites (all >7 years) in 27 countries across the continent (in addition to 26 other long-term monitoring sites just within the Czech Republic). As a result, this is the first study to report continuous long-term temporal trends of atmospheric concentrations of legacy POPs across the entire European continent as well as the first study to report atmospheric concentrations of some “new” Stockholm Convention POPs in countries within the CEE region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants across Europe after 15 Years of MONET Passive Air Sampling

White

Kalina

Scheringer

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was established to generate long-term data necessary for evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory measures at a global scale. After 15 years of passive air monitoring (2003–2019), MONET is the first network to produce sufficient data for the analysis of continuous long-term temporal trends of POPs in air across the entire European continent. This study reports long-term concentrations of 20 POPs monitored at 32 sites in 27 European countries. As of January 1, 2019, the concentration ranges (pg/m3) were 1.1–52.8 (∑6PCB), 0.3–8.5 (∑12dl-PCB), 0.007–0.175 (∑17PCDD/F), 0.02–2.2 (∑9PBDE), 0.4–24.7 (BDE 209), 0.5–247 (∑6DDT), 1.7–818 (∑4HCH), 15.8–74.7 (HCB), and 5.9–21.5 (PeCB). Temporal trends indicate that concentrations of most POPs have declined significantly over the past 15 years, with median annual decreases ranging from −8.0 to −11.5% (halving times of 6–8 years) for ∑6PCB, ∑17PCDD/F, HCB, PeCB, and ∑9PBDE. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed in either the trends or the concentrations of specific POPs at sites in Western Europe (WEOG) compared to sites in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which suggests relatively uniform compound-specific distribution and removal at the continental scale.

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“…Such systems have proven to be the main means of systematic air quality monitoring of large cities, suburbs, industrial regions, protected areas, etc. They allow to conduct fundamental research [20][21][22] of the patterns of movement and deposition of various pollutants [10], as they have a very high accuracy of equipment, the ability to work around the clock. The main disadvantages of these systems are the high cost of placement and operation, stationary, the overwhelming inability to quickly disassemble and move the observation station to another location (extremely low mobility).…”

Section: Remote Atmospheric Research Tools As the First And Important Link In The Crisis Monitoring System During Emergenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern means of assessing the impact of emergencies on the environmental condition of the ground layer of atmosphere

et al. 2021

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The problem of emergencies will not leave humanity as long as it exists, and therefore it is necessary to at least create conditions under which it is possible to reduce the risks of injuries, diseases and deaths of people who are in the emergency zone. This can be achieved by raising awareness of the nature of the emergency, the hazardous substances that are released in connection with it. Theoretical analysis of various remote means of assessing the impact of emergencies of man-made areas on the ecological state of the atmospheric air of the surrounding areas. It has been found that the use of remote sensing equipment greatly simplifies the procedure of operational monitoring of the environment during emergencies, as well as contributes to the health of professionals. A comparison of different remote means of environmental monitoring of air quality was performed: In particular, stationary automatic stations, mobile automatic stations, probes, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were compared. It is proposed to use UAVs as remote means of operational monitoring of air quality. The functional scheme of UAV system implementation for the needs of operative ecological monitoring is offered. The legal features of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as remote means of monitoring air quality during emergencies are analyzed.

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Air concentrations and deposition of chlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) at three high alpine monitoring stations: Trends and dependence on air masses

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Forest Fires Enhance the Emission and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Central Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau

Forest Fires Enhance the Emission and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Central Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants across Europe after 15 Years of MONET Passive Air Sampling

Modern means of assessing the impact of emergencies on the environmental condition of the ground layer of atmosphere

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