AIPH‐Encapsulated Thermo‐Sensitive Liposomes for Synergistic Microwave Ablation and Oxygen‐Independent Dynamic Therapy

Abstract

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a novel treatment modality that can lead to the death of tumor cells by heating the ions and polar molecules in the tissue through high‐speed vibration and friction. However, the single hyperthermia is not sufficient to completely inhibit tumor growth. Herein, a thermodynamic cancer‐therapeutic modality has been fabricated which could be able to overcome hypoxia's limitations in the tumor microenvironment. Using thermo‐sensitive liposomes (TSLs) and oxygen‐independent radical generators (2,2’‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane]dihydrochloride [AIPH]), a nano‐drug delivery system denoted as ATSL is developed for efficient sequential cancer treatment. Under the microwave field, the temperature rise of local tissue could not only lead to the damage of tumor cells but also induce the release of AIPH encapsulated in ATSL to produce free radicals, eliciting tumor cell death. In addition, the ATSL developed here would avoid the side effects caused by the uncontrolled diffusion of AIPH to normal tissues. The ATSLs have shown excellent therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its highly promising potential for clinic.

Tumor targeted nanohybrid for dual stimuli responsive and NIR amplified photothermal/photo-induced thermodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy

“…Figure 1(E) depicts the FTIR analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles. The presence of characteristics peaks of AIPH at 2828-2982 cm −1 representing CH 2 stretching and at 1598 cm −1 representing N-N bond observed in the FTIR spectrum of BA and BAM NPs confirmed successful loading of AIPH onto BSA NPs and its retention during biomineralization of the nanoparticle surface with KMnO 4 for BAM NPs [31,32]. The peak observed at 500 cm −1 for BM and BAM NPNs was characteristic of Mn-O bond stretching vibrations [33].…”

Construction Strategy of Functionalized Liposomes and Multidimensional Application

“…In local drug delivery applications in oncology, the temperature-responsive liposomes trigger the release of the drug in the blood vessels of the heated target tissue after malignant tissues are heated to high temperature, then the drug will then be taken up by the tumor cells. Zhang et al [139] used temperature-responsive liposomes and oxygen-independent free radical generators (2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride [AIPH]) for synergistic microwave ablation and oxygen-independent dynamic therapy, whereby the tumor cells were damaged with an increase in local tissue temperature, then the oxygen-independent free radical generators encapsulated in nanosystems produced free radicals, ultimately leading to tumor cell death (Figure 9a).…”

“…This makes them suitable probes for the detection of tumor vessels and blood cells such as T-cells. [147] In addition, ultrasound -stimulated microbubbles can [139] Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons. b) Magnetic heat-sensitive liposomes heat up under AMF to kill tumor cells.…”

“…a) Temperature-responsive liposomes induce the release of free radicals by heat-induced oxygen-independent radical generators encapsulated in the nanosystems, leading to tumor cell death. Reproduced with permission [139]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons.…”

Magnetic Bimetallic Heterointerface Nanomissiles with Enhanced Microwave Absorption for Microwave Thermal/Dynamics Therapy of Breast Cancer

“…Microwave thermotherapy (MWT) is a kind of treatment that utilizes microwave (MW) irradiation to induce thermal damage of tumors. − Owing to the advantages of high penetrating ability and small trauma, it has been applied to the clinical treatment of multitype cancer . However, the nonselectivity of MW irradiation makes it still a challenge to completely ablate a tumor lesion while ensuring the safety of adjacent normal tissue, especially for these large or irregularly shaped tumors, ultimately resulting in tumor residual and recurrence .…”