Aims and Ideals of the Police

Vollmer, August

doi:10.2307/1133493

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Along with greater federal involvement, the development of the idea of “scientific policing” in the early twentieth century was also an important influence in the processes of professionalization of institutions and practices of law enforcement [Deflem 1997, Walker 1997]. Scientific policing as an organizational ideal entailed the adoption of a professional managerial outlook to the business of law enforcement along with the utilization of scientific techniques and principles in police work [Fosdick 1915; Merriam 1929; Vollmer 1922, 1930]. The emphasis on a “scientific” outlook to police work entailed a more rational understanding of the problem of crime, and thereby collection of accurate crime statistics became an operational imperative.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Whole Extent of the Evil”: Origin of Crime Statistics in the United States, 1880–1930

Ghatak¹

2008

J Historical Sociology

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This article traces the origin and the development of crime statistics in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Due to the federal nature of the polity and decentralization of state power, the historical process of "governmentalization" of the state in the US differed markedly from other Western European nations. The path to the establishment of a national archive of crime statistics in the US was especially tortuous, and its trajectory was shaped by strategic alliances as well as conflicts between various institutional actors involved in the process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Whole Extent of the Evil”: Origin of Crime Statistics in the United States, 1880–1930

Ghatak¹

2008

J Historical Sociology

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“…The neo-liberal model has led to an Iraqi police force which meets almost none of the basic criteria of democratic policing (Bayley, 2006;Goldsmith & Dinnen, 2007;Vollmer, 1922), instead operating as a highly militarized, oppressive force (Wozniak, 2017;Kuzmarov, 2009a). Further compounding this inappropriate militarism is the fundamental problem of asking underpaid and undertrained police to risk their lives combating crime and insurgency, and the resultant effect such an impossible and demoralizing charge has on the legitimacy of the state itself (Keen, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This neo-liberal model created an Iraqi police force which meets almost none of the basic criteria of democratic policing (Bayley, 2006;Goldsmith & Dinnen, 2007;Özerdem, 2010). Writing nearly 100 years ago, famed criminal justice pioneer August Vollmer (1922) outlined the basic necessities of democratic police, ideals which have changed little in the intervening years and continue to inform police reconstruction efforts throughout the world. Among his prescriptions were that police need highly trained individuals with practical skills, to be seen as part of the community they are policing, and require the latest technology.…”

Section: A Neo-liberal Dream An Underfunded Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iraq and the material basis of post-conflict police reconstruction

Wozniak

2017

Journal of Peace Research

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Existing scientific literature on post-conflict police reconstruction is largely divided between two camps. The first, and most widely employed in practice, can be termed a neo-liberal model, which argues progress comes through technological and organizational sophistication delivered by Western officials. This neo-liberal model has been the guiding principle of the reconstruction of the Iraqi state and police force. However, many scholars have argued this model is woefully inadequate for post-conflict reconstruction and have instead developed an alternative approach which can be termed a reflexive model. Similar to what is known as fourth generation peacebuilding in the International Relations literature, the reflexive model stresses building relationships with local stakeholders and relying on indigenous knowledge to guide post-conflict reconstruction. Drawing from 48 intensive interviews, 87 qualitative surveys, and six months of ethnographic examination of an Iraqi police training academy, this article argues that both the neo-liberal and reflexive models suffer from ignoring the material basis of reconstruction. This article employs the term ‘material’ in the theoretical sense; while police reconstruction programs spend significant effort on reshaping the ideologies of police, few address the real conditions police face, from the necessary levels of funding and equipment in their training centers, to basic concerns such as adequate pay to draw qualified applicants and prevent corruption. This study examines how economic inequality affects the ‘other side’ of conflicts, the security sector. The central finding is that the material deprivation experienced by Iraqi police has resulted in an underqualified force consisting of uninterested officers whose capacity and skill deficits have fed directly into the rise of powerful non-state organizations such as the Islamic State. This article explicates a central underlying cause of the problem with the reconstruction of the Iraqi police specifically and the larger case of neo-liberal post-conflict police reconstruction generally.

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“…While debate around police professionalisation has a long history (Vollmer, 1922), contemporary views differ between academics, practitioners, policy makers and politicians alike, rendering the term somewhat equivocal (Norman and Williams, 2017). Holdaway (2017) suggests the police themselves have long professed their professional standing, and uses the term re-professionalisation to articulate and explore the current social and political context underpinning a renewed emphasis upon modernisation, reform, and professional status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating the recruited and recruiting the educated: Can the new Police Education Qualifications Framework in England and Wales succeed where others have faltered

Ramshaw¹,

Soppitt²

2018

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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Her research and teaching interest have adopted an applied approach to criminal justice practice and the experience of service users. Sarah has developed a number of key partnerships. These were Police focused and then most latterly with Newcastle Youth Offending Team which supports teaching, learning and research agendas. Sarah's current work with the SkillMill social enterprise company (a spin out company from Northumbria University and the Newcastle Youth offending team) is focusing on the role of employment in supporting desistance from crime. Educating the Recruited and Recruiting the Educated: Can the new Police Education Qualifications Framework in England and Wales succeed where others have faltered.

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Aims and Ideals of the Police

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

“The Whole Extent of the Evil”: Origin of Crime Statistics in the United States, 1880–1930

“The Whole Extent of the Evil”: Origin of Crime Statistics in the United States, 1880–1930

Iraq and the material basis of post-conflict police reconstruction

Educating the recruited and recruiting the educated: Can the new Police Education Qualifications Framework in England and Wales succeed where others have faltered

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