Aiming higher for maternal and child nutrition in South Asia

Torlesse, Harriet; Aguayo, Víctor M.

doi:10.1111/mcn.12739

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A mother of good nutritional status is likely to have healthier babies (Fuchs et al, 2014;Torlesse & Aguayo, 2018). Poor nutritional status was found to be a significant predictor for childhood acute malnutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of undernutrition in Bangladeshi children

2019

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Child undernutrition is a major public health problem throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for acute undernutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh. Data were taken from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic Health and Survey conducted in 2014. The study sample comprised 7131 under-5 children. Of these, 4.6% were found to be severely wasted (Z-score < −3.0), 11.1% moderately wasted (−3.0≤Z-score < −2.0) and 84.3% adequately nourished (Z-score ≥−2.0). Chi-squared analysis was used to investigate the association between child nutrition status and selected covariates. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to identify the risk factors for acute undernutrition. The selected factors division, place of residence, sex of child, place of delivery, child age, respiratory illness, size at birth, measles vaccination, fever, diarrhoea, maternal BMI, maternal education, paternal occupation, wealth index and household toilet facilities were found to be highly significant (p < 0.05) in the analysis. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that residence in Barisal and Chittagong divisions, a smaller than average size at birth and low maternal BMI (≤18.50 kg/m2) were significant determinants of both moderate and severe acute undernutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of undernutrition in Bangladeshi children

2019

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“… 11–19 Minimum dietary diversity is correlated with household wealth in South Asian countries. 20 , 21 Previous work has found that a minimum-cost nutritious diet would exceed current household food expenditure for most households in Bangladesh and Pakistan 14 , 16 and that the least-cost diet to satisfy dietary recommendations is unaffordable to approximately half of poor rural households in India. 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordability of nutritious foods for complementary feeding in South Asia

et al. 2021

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The high prevalence of stunting and micronutrient deficiencies among children in South Asia has lifelong health, educational, and economic consequences. For children aged 6–23 months, undernutrition is influenced by inadequate intake of complementary foods containing nutrients critical for growth and development. The affordability of nutrients lacking in young children’s diets in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan was assessed in this study. Using data from nutrient gap assessments and household surveys, household food expenditures were compared with the cost of purchasing foods that could fill nutrient gaps. In all 3 countries, there are multiple affordable sources of vitamin A (orange-fleshed vegetables, dark leafy greens, liver), vitamin B12 (liver, fish, milk), and folate (dark leafy greens, liver, legumes, okra); few affordable sources of iron and calcium (dark leafy greens); and no affordable sources of zinc. Affordability of animal-source protein varies, with several options in Pakistan (fish, chicken, eggs, beef) and India (fish, eggs, milk) but few in Bangladesh (eggs). Approaches to reduce prices, enhance household production, or increase incomes are needed to improve affordability.

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“…While among South Asian countries, Pakistan is ranked as having the highest prevalence of stunting (40.2%), wasting (17.7%) and underweight (28.9%) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Inadequate breastfeeding and suboptimal complementary feeding practices are consistent predictors of malnutrition in the first 2 years of life [9]. This period has been recognized as the 'critical window of opportunity' for the promotion of optimal growth, health and development of a child [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of infant and young complementary feeding practices among children 6–23 months of age in urban Pakistan: a multicenter longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Background Suboptimal feeding practices have a negative impact on children’s health and growth in the first 2 years of life and increase their risk of undernutrition, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the factors that influence infant and young child feeding practices among urban mothers in a hospital setting at Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A longitudinal multi-center cohort study was conducted in four countries, MULTICENTER BODY COMPOSITION REFERENCE STUDY (MBCRS) to produce normal body composition reference data in healthy infants from 3 months to 24 months of age. Repeated anthropometric (weight, length and head circumference) and body composition measurements using “deuterium dilution method” along with 24-h dietary recall questionnaires were performed on 250 healthy term infants at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The 24-h dietary recall data from this study was used to assess the breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in children aged 6–24 months. Results A total of 250 healthy infants were enrolled in the study. A majority of newborns (75.4%) were exclusively breastfed till 3 months of age; however, by 6 months of age, only 30.2% of infants were exclusively breastfed. Only 44.1% of children aged 6–24 months achieved minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 84.7% achieved minimum meal frequency (MMF), and 44.1% achieved a minimum acceptable diet (MAD). 71.4% achieved MDD and MAD and 100% achieved MMF at 24 months. The bivariate analysis found that breastfed children (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.72–5.68), with employed mothers (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.27) who had graduated from secondary school (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08–1.94) were more likely to meet minimum dietary diversity. The multivariable analysis showed that only the child’s age was significantly associated with MDD (p value< 0.0001), with the likelihood of meeting MDD increasing as the children aged; 9 months (OR 18.96, 95% CI 6.63–54.19), 12 months (OR 40.25, 95% CI 14.14–114.58), 18 months (OR 90.02, 95% CI 30.84–262.77) and 24 months (OR 82.14, 95% CI 27.23–247.83). Conclusion Our study revealed that Infant and young child feeding practices are significantly associated with maternal education, employment, and the child’s age. Therefore, it is essential that investments be made towards protective breastfeeding and complementary feeding policies and legislations, emphasis on female education and ensuring the availability of affordable nutritious and diverse foods.

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Aiming higher for maternal and child nutrition in South Asia

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence of undernutrition in Bangladeshi children

Prevalence of undernutrition in Bangladeshi children

Affordability of nutritious foods for complementary feeding in South Asia

Determinants of infant and young complementary feeding practices among children 6–23 months of age in urban Pakistan: a multicenter longitudinal study

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