AIDS-Related Stigma, HIV Testing, and Transmission Risk Among Patrons of Informal Drinking Places in Cape Town, South Africa

Pitpitan, Eileen V.; Kalichman, Seth C.; Eaton, Lisa A.; Cain, Demetria; Sikkema, Kathleen J.; Skinner, Donald G.; Watt, Melissa H.; Pieterse, Desiréé

doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9346-9

Cited by 53 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…29 Such an association was also suggested in different studies across the world. 15,17,21,22,30 The fear of losing jobs, verbal abuse, and family and social rejection was main reasons for nondisclosure in the study population, same as other studies. 8,31 According to Mbonu et al, 28 stigma and resultant depression could be a major cause for more risky behavior among the people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…34 This adds to the existing debilitating state of these patients and pushes them to substance abuse. 15 The stigma associated with this was large even in the educational faculty. The assistant intern accompanying the research worker was discouraged by his colleagues stating that he may catch HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Stigma is a major barrier for the successful treatment of the PLWHA worldwide as highlighted by a number of studies. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] We report the first study related to stigma in the North Karnataka Region of India, which is one of the most underdeveloped areas of the state and has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS.…”

Section: 5005/jp-journals-10024-2123mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Muralidharan¹,

Acharya

Margabandu

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and discrimination faced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected adult patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than 1 year. Materials and methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 170 adults on ART, reporting to the ART center of the District Civil Hospital, for more than 1 year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India. Convenience sampling technique was followed. Descriptive statistics was performed (Chi-square test) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0. Results:A total of 156 (91.8%) patients' families had knowledge about their seropositive status. Seventeen (10.9%) HIV-positive patients reported of change in the attitude of their family members. The main reasons for not revealing the HIV status were the internalized stigma and fear of rejection. Women faced greater discrimination from family, friends, and neighbors than men. Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Conclusion:It is necessary to not undermine the effect of rejection due to HIV. It is the only infection that has so many associated social and psychological norms which we need to tend at the earnest. Till date, there is an existence of condescendence toward treatment approach.Clinical significance: The presence of stigma and the fear of being discriminated could be a major hurdle in the rehabilitation of these patients into the mainstream society. Furthermore, it serves as an existing challenge to ascertain these individuals to achieve overall health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 5005/jp-journals-10024-2123mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Muralidharan¹,

Acharya

Margabandu

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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“…Persons who did not provide consent for HIV testing were wealthier and more educated [85–87]. HIV stigma is also a well known barrier to uptake of HIV testing in general [88–90]. Furthermore, longitudinal data from the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project (MDICP) showed that persons who tested positive for HIV and received their results were less likely to consent to repeat testing in subsequent waves of the survey [91], and failure to adjust for selection bias has been shown to yield underestimates of national HIV prevalence [87,92].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Gradients in Internalized Stigma Among 4,314 Persons with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Tsai

2015

AIDS Behav

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The stigma attached to HIV is a major public health problem. HIV-associated morbidity, the specter of impending premature mortality, and reduced capacity to reciprocate within networks of mutual aid are key contributors to status loss and the social exclusion of persons with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled dataset used in my analysis, which includes 4,314 persons with HIV surveyed in 12 different sub-Saharan African countries, represents the largest study to date of internalized stigma among persons with HIV. My findings indicate that nearly one-fifth of study participants provided survey responses consistent with internalization of stigmatizing beliefs. Furthermore, striking socioeconomic gradients in internalized stigma were observed. A clear implication of my findings is that the adverse health and psychosocial impacts of HIV stigma are likely concentrated among those with the fewest socioeconomic resources for managing and resisting it.

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“…In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), HIV-related stigma has been associated with reduced uptake of voluntary counseling and testing[1,2] and increased sexual risk-taking behavior[3] in the general population. Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), stigma has been associated with emotional distress[4,5], decreased adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART)[6,7], and reduced likelihood of HIV status disclosure[8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion

Chan

Weiser

Boum

et al. 2015

Aids

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Objective Program implementers have argued that the increasing availability of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) will reduce the stigma of HIV. We analyzed data from Uganda to assess how HIV-related stigma has changed during a period of ART expansion. Design Serial cross-sectional surveys. Methods We analyzed data from the Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO) study during 2007-2012 to estimate trends in internalized stigma among people living with HIV (PLHIV) at the time of treatment initiation. We analyzed data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 2006 and 2011 to estimate trends in stigmatizing attitudes and anticipated stigma in the general population. We fitted regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, with year of data collection as the primary explanatory variable. Results We estimated an upward trend in internalized stigma among PLHIV presenting for treatment initiation (adjusted b=0.18; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.30). In the general population, the odds of reporting anticipated stigma were greater in 2011 compared to 2006 (adjusted OR=1.80; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.13), despite an apparent decline in stigmatizing attitudes (adjusted OR=0.62; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74). Conclusions Internalized stigma has increased over time among PLHIV in the setting of worsening anticipated stigma in the general population. Further study is needed to better understand the reasons for increasing HIV-related stigma in Uganda and its impact on HIV prevention efforts.

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AIDS-Related Stigma, HIV Testing, and Transmission Risk Among Patrons of Informal Drinking Places in Cape Town, South Africa

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Socioeconomic Gradients in Internalized Stigma Among 4,314 Persons with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion

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