Aids, drugs of abuse and the immune system: A complex immunotoxicological network

Pillai, Radhakrishna; Nair, Bindu S.; Watson, Ronald R.

doi:10.1007/bf02098025

Cited by 71 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies reported rates as high as 75% of HIV-positive patients use illicit drugs (Rosenberger et al, 1993;Lyketsos et al, 1994) and a higher incidence of HIV encephalopathy in users of addictive drugs compared to other HIV-infected individuals (Martinez et al, 1995;Bell et al, 1996). It has been postulated that drugs accelerate HIV encephalopathy progression (Pillai et al, 1991;Tyor and Middaugh, 1999;Kibayashi et al, 1996;Phillips et al, 2000). These substances preferentially activate the mesocortical/mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway (Di Chiara and Imperato, 1988) and can induce a psychosis virtually indistinguishable from schizophrenia.…”

Section: The Role Of Dopamine As a Link Between Hiv Infection And Psymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Koutsilieri¹,

Scheller²,

Sopper³

et al. 2002

J. of Neurovirology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with psychiatric complications, including cognitive impairment, affective disorders, and psychosis. These psychiatric complications impair quality of life, affect disease prognosis, and impede treatment by compromising medication adherence. They also increase the likelihood of HIV transmission, either directly or via their high prevalence rate among drug abusers. In this article, the authors provide a brief overview of the most common psychiatric complications associated with HIV infection and discuss the role of dopamine as a link between psychiatric manifestations and the progression of immunodeficiency infection.

show abstract

Section: The Role Of Dopamine As a Link Between Hiv Infection And Psymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Koutsilieri¹,

Scheller²,

Sopper³

et al. 2002

J. of Neurovirology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vigorous stem cell regenerative capacity has been shown to be critical to the healing phases of dental and periodontal disease 9,10 and all cell division has been noted to be impaired by addictive drugs, 11 particularly opiates. 12 Furthermore, the major addictive drugs, 13 particularly opiates, 14 cannabinoids, stimulants and alcohol are immunosuppressive and the gingival sulcus is well known to be a zone of active immunological engagement, and the products of immune stimulation including IL-1, IL-6 and TNF are important stimulants of bone lysis. In our experience frank bone loss and gross dental erosion are common sequaelae in the advanced dental disease which is frequently encountered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentition of addiction in Queensland: poor dental status and major contributing drugs

Reece¹

2007

Australian Dental Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although it is said that drug addiction is associated with poor dental health, there is little research in this area. In particular, there is little work comparing the effects of the different drugs of addiction. Methods: A cross-sectional patient survey of dental health was undertaken in a family practice comparing opiate and other drug addicts (DA) with non-addicts (NA). The age range was restricted to 19-45 years. Damaged teeth were counted and a semi-quantitative score applied to severity to allow the calculation of an overall dental index. A medical review only was undertaken; recognized dental diagnostic criteria were not applied. Results: There were 233 and 47 respondents in the DA and NA groups, respectively. The mean ages and gender ratios were similar in both groups. DA used more addictive drugs than NA (all P<0.001). DA had more absent, traumatized, major cavitated and extracted teeth (all P<0.05). Addicts had a worse severity index (P<0.02) and dental index (13.13±24.00 vs. 4.74±16.03; P<0.005). Furthermore, dental pathology developed in DA at younger ages than in NA with 56.8% vs. 5.4% of patients younger than 38 years having dental indices more than 10 respectively (OR = 22.98, 95% CI = 5.57-200.65, P<0.0000001). At multivariate analysis age, gender, and dose and/or duration of tobacco, methadone, morphine, and alcohol were significantly associated with these pathologies. Conclusion: These data are consistent with published dental reports and basic science information that drug addiction has a deleterious effect on dental health, that in addiction this effect is rapid and severe, and that tobacco, methadone, morphine and alcohol contribute importantly to these changes.

show abstract

“…The simultaneous intravenous administration of heroin and cocaine known as the 'speedball' is common among polydrug abusers (Schütz et al, 1994) and concurrent cocaine and opioid abuse often continues during opioid agonist treatment (Beswick et al, 2001;Williamson et al, 2006). Speedball abuse may be associated with compromised immune function, and vulnerability to viral infections (AIDS, hepatitis) and bacterial infections (endocarditis, pulmonary infections, abscesses) (Schoenbaum et al, 1989;Kreek, 1991;Pillai et al, 1991;O'Brien, 1996). Treatment of dual dependence on cocaine and opioids presents a special challenge, because pharmacotherapies for opioid abuse usually are less effective in reducing cocaine abuse, and identification of a consistently effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine abuse remains elusive (Mendelson and Mello, 1996;Vocci et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of d-Amphetamine and Buprenorphine Combinations on Speedball (Cocaine+Heroin) Self-Administration by Rhesus Monkeys

Mello

Negus

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The simultaneous i.v. administration of heroin and cocaine, called a 'speedball,' is often reported clinically, and identification of effective pharmacotherapies is a continuing challenge. We hypothesized that treatment with combinations of a monoamine releaser d-amphetamine, and a mu partial agonist, buprenorphine, might reduce speedball self-administration by rhesus monkeys. Speedballs (0.01 mg/kg/inj cocaine + 0.0032 mg/kg/inj heroin) and food (1 g banana-flavored pellets) were available during four daily sessions on a second-order schedule of reinforcement (fixed ratio (FR)2 (variable ratio (VR)16:S)). Monkeys were treated for 10 days with saline or ascending doses of d-amphetamine (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/h) + buprenorphine (0.075 or 0.237 mg/kg/day) in combination. d-Amphetamine + both doses of buprenorphine produced an amphetamine dose-dependent decrease in speedball self-administration in comparison to the saline treatment baseline (Po0.01-0.001), but food-maintained responding did not change significantly. d-Amphetamine alone (0.032 mg/kg/h) significantly decreased both food (Po0.01) and speedball-maintained responding (Po0.05). During saline control treatment, speedball unit doses of 0.0032 mg/kg/inj cocaine + 0.001 mg/kg/inj heroin were at the peak of the speedball dose-effect curve. Daily treatment with 0.01 mg/kg/h d-amphetamine + 0.237 mg/kg/day buprenorphine produced a significant downward and rightward shift in the speedball dose-effect curve (Po0.01) and no significant effect on food-maintained responding. A significant decrease in speedball self-administration was sustained over 10 days of treatment. These findings are consistent with our previous reports and suggest that medication mixtures designed to target both the stimulant and the opioid component of the speedball may be an effective approach to polydrug abuse treatment.

show abstract

Aids, drugs of abuse and the immune system: A complex immunotoxicological network

Cited by 71 publications

References 88 publications

Psychiatric Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Psychiatric Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Dentition of addiction in Queensland: poor dental status and major contributing drugs

Effects of d-Amphetamine and Buprenorphine Combinations on Speedball (Cocaine+Heroin) Self-Administration by Rhesus Monkeys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About