AI-Enabled Clinical Decision Support Tools for Mental Healthcare: A Product Review

Abstract

This review seeks to promote transparency in the availability of regulated AI-enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems (AI-CDSSs) for mental healthcare. From an initial pool of 240 potential products, only seven fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The products can be categorized into three major areas: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis in children through behavioral data; multifaceted disorder diagnosis via conversational data; and depression medication prescription derived from clinical and genetic data. The exploration of unregulated products reveals the intricate challenges present in AI-CDSS regulation. Although we found five scientific articles evaluating the devices’ performance and external validity, the average completeness of reporting, indicated by a 52 percent adherence to the CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Artificial Intelligence) checklist, was modest, signaling room for improvement in reporting quality.