Ahmadis or Indonesians? The polarization of post-reform public debates on Islam and orthodoxy

Schäfer, Saskia

doi:10.1080/14672715.2017.1404925

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lastly, these alliances have contributed to growing persecution and violence against Ahmadis, Shiites, and other religious minorities across Indonesia (e.g. Buehler 2016; Hamayotsu 2018; Menchik 2014, 2016; Miichi 2019; Schäfer 2018; Soedirgo 2018).…”

Section: Alliances Between ‘New’ and ‘Old’ Islamic Authoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rising Islamism and the Struggle for Islamic Authority in Post-Reformasi Indonesia

Arifianto

2019

TRaNS

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The successful ‘Defending Islam’ rallies of 2016–2017 provide clear evidence that Islamism is on the rise in contemporary Indonesia. Mainstream Islamic authorities, including groups such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, are increasingly losing their authority to newer, more conservative Islamic preachers and groups. What explains this phenomenon – and what does it mean for the moderate perspectives that many predicted would dominate Islam in Indonesia in the post-Reformasi era?This article argues that three main mechanisms can explain the rise of Islamism in Indonesia: 1) the creation of a ‘marketplace of ideas’ in post-Reformasi Indonesia and the way in which this marketplace has contributed to the rise of Islamism and the breakdown of Islamic authority; 2) the ascent of new Islamic authority figures, who propagate their views using new methods, ranging from social media to campus da'wa organisations and community-based activities (majelis taklim); and 3) the growing influence of new Islamic groups and preachers, who are building alliances with established religious elites and politicians. Such alliances strengthen the influence of new Islamic authorities, while further marginalising religious minorities, such as Ahmadi and Shi'a Muslims.

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Section: Alliances Between ‘New’ and ‘Old’ Islamic Authoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 The growing scholarly literature on the politics of Ahmadi and Shi'a persecutions in Indonesia includes Menchik 2014 and 2016, Buehler 2016, Schäfer 2018, Soedirgo 2018, and Miichi 2019.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rising Islamism and the Struggle for Islamic Authority in Post-Reformasi Indonesia

Arifianto

2019

TRaNS

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“…Many previous studies have concluded that the Ahmadiyya is among the most critical cases in understanding and explaining violence against Indonesia's religious minorities. Therefore, the group is considered the most victimized religious minority (Djamin, 2014;Schäfer, 2018a). This condition is reflected by the increased violence and discrimination against them (Putra, Holtz, & Rufaedah, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Victimization of the Ahmadiyya Minority Group in Indonesia: Explaining the Justifications and Involved Actors

Regus

2020

Relig. J. Agama dan Lintas Budaya

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This article discusses the victimization of the Ahmadiyya minority community in Indonesia. This article can be considered as one of the crucial studies that analyze the problems faced by the Ahmadiyah minority group in Indonesia due to violence. This study's importance relates to academic efforts in understanding the complexities of the Ahmadiyya community's victimization in Indonesia. This study is also essential in providing input or recommendations for the state, social elements (NGOs), and the Ahmadiyah group. This article proposes the theory of violence as an analytical framework for understanding violence against the Ahmadiyah group. This article provides vital objectives in understanding two aspects of the victimization process of the Ahmadiyya group. First, justifications for the victimization is based on state and religious decrees. Second, the victimization process involves actors and institutions. Besides, this study was conducted using a systematic qualitative review as a method. The data has been collected through extensive reviews on previous studies, ethnographic reports, institutional reports, NGO reports, government, and media.

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“…Yet, in recent years imperfections in Indonesian democracy have become visible to the point where the breakdown of democracy is imaginable, if not yet underway (Warburton and Aspinall 2017). While scholars have devoted considerable attention to the role of Muslim moderates in supporting democracy, and the role of Islamic extremists and autocrats in undermining it, less attention has been paid to the role that Muslim moderates like NU and Muhammadiyah have themselves played in undermining democracy (Schäfer 2017). This gap deserves attention if scholars are to understand the role of Islam in democracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Muslims and Democratic Breakdown in Indonesia

Menchik

2019

Asian Studies Review

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For much of the 2000s, scholars and activists lauded Indonesia's surprisingly successful transition to democracy. Recent years, however, have made imperfections visible to the point where the breakdown of Indonesian democracy is imaginable if not yet underway. This article investigates the conditions under which moderate Islamic organizations support nondemocratic values and actors, and by doing so contribute to Indonesia's democratic decline. Drawing on original survey data and interviews, as well as case studies in which the preferences of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah leaders have become visible, this paper argues that these organizations' values are compatible with both democracy and authoritarianism. While NU and Muhammadiyah exemplify the civic associational ties and democratic culture that are necessary for making democracy work, civic pluralism is not their only value. NU and Muhammadiyah have a hierarchy of values that they promote and defend, and are willing to forgo civic pluralism in order to combat blasphemy against Islam, ensure Muslim control over overwhelmingly Muslim regions, and limit political expression concerning heterodox approaches to Islam or non-Muslim involvement in matters of aqidah (faith). NU and Muhammadiyah also operate within the country's political patronage system, and their material interests can lead them away from supporting democratic values.

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Ahmadis or Indonesians? The polarization of post-reform public debates on Islam and orthodoxy

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Rising Islamism and the Struggle for Islamic Authority in Post-Reformasi Indonesia

Rising Islamism and the Struggle for Islamic Authority in Post-Reformasi Indonesia

The Victimization of the Ahmadiyya Minority Group in Indonesia: Explaining the Justifications and Involved Actors

Moderate Muslims and Democratic Breakdown in Indonesia

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