Agronomic Responses of Corn to Planting Date and Plant Density

Roekel, Ryan J. Van; Coulter, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.2134/agronj2011.0071

Cited by 123 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, OP has trended upward over time (Hammer et al 2009), and thus the economically optimum seeding rate commonly differs among hybrids (Van Roekel and Coulter 2011). In other words, the strong reliance of maize crop upon plant population density makes the assessment of hybrid-and site-specific optimum plant population densities imperative.…”

Section: Current Crop Management Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize grain yield increased from about 1,500 kg/ha in the early 1900s to 8,500 kg/ha at the beginning of the 2000s in the USA (Boomsma et al 2009;Assefa et al 2012). Despite this spectacular achievement, maize grain yield is closely related to plant population density (Van Roekel and Coulter 2011), and the crop suffers from an agronomic weakness of prime significance, affecting its grain productivity and stability. Modern hybrids (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) are usually population dependent , with the ideal plant number per area depending on several factors, including water availability, soil fertility, hybrid maturity group, and row spacing (Sangoi et al 2002). Yet hybrids accomplish their per-area yield potential at high and narrow spectrum of populations, i.e., they follow the quadraticplateau regression model (Van Roekel and Coulter 2011). Tokatlidis and Koutroubas (2004) reviewed the adverse effects of indispensable high plant population densities on grain yield stability because of considerable yield loss due primarily to missing plants, increased plant-to-plant variability, raised stalk lodging, and augmented barrenness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting maize crop to climate change

Tokatlidis

2012

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Global weather changes compel agriculture to be adequately productive under diverse and marginal conditions. In maize, modern hybrids fail to meet this requirement. Although breeding has achieved spectacular progress in grain yield per area through improved tolerance to stresses, including intense crowding, yields at low plant population densities remain almost unchanged. Stagnated plant yield potential renders hybrids unable to take advantage of resource abundance at lower populations, designating them population dependent. Consequently, the optimum population varies greatly across environments. Generally, the due population increases as the environmental yield potential gets higher. As a remedy, relatively low populations are recommended for low-input conditions leading to inappropriate population in occasional adequacy of resources and considerable yield loss. For example, for a rain-fed hybrid tested at one location across 11 seasons, crop yield potential and optimum population on the basis of the quadratic yield-plateau model varied from 1,890 to 8,980 kg/ha and 4.56 to 10.2 plants/m 2 , respectively, while 100 % yield loss is computed in the driest season if the optimum population for the most favorable season is used. The article reviews the consequences in terms of crop sustainability under widely diverse environments imposed by climatic changes and proposes crop management strategies to address the situation. The major points are: (1) variableyielding environments require variable optimum populations, (2) population dependence is an insurmountable barrier in making a decision on plant population, (3) farmers suffer from considerable yield and income loss, (4) estimating the less population-dependent hybrids among the currently cultivated ones is a major challenge for agronomists, and (5) the development of population-neutral hybrids is a fundamental challenge for maize breeding. Honeycomb breeding is a valuable tool to pursue this goal since it places particular emphasis on the so-far stagnated plant yield potential that is essential for population-neutral hybrid development.

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Section: Current Crop Management Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting maize crop to climate change

Tokatlidis

2012

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…However, the results showed that the increase of plant density from 70 thousand plants ha -1 to 90 thousand plants ha -1 resulted only in a minimal yield increment (412-1111 kg ha -1 ) but it could considerably increase the risk of production under such ecological and agrotechnical conditions which are inferior to the optimal. In the experiments of Dawadi and Sah (2012), Mohseni (2013) and Roekel and Coulter (2011), the maximum yields were obtained at similar plant densities (60-80 thousand plants ha -1 ), though under different ecological and agrotechnical conditions. The optimum plant density was higher (90 thousand plants ha -1 ) in the experiments of Widdicombe and Thelen (2002), Gozübenli et al (2004) and Lashkari et al (2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the study of Mohseni (2013), the increase of plant density from 60000 plants ha -1 (9.09 t ha -1 ) to 80000 plants ha -1 (11.14 t ha -1 ) resulted in a yield increment. Roekel and Coulter (2011) stated that there is a close relationship between maize yield and plant density. The tested hybrid reached its maximum yield at the plant density of 81700 plants ha -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant density impact on grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids on chernozem soil of the Eastern Hungary

Pepó

Murányi

2014

Columella

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The plant density response of 12 maize hybrids was tested in a favourable year (2013) under optimum agrotechnical conditions on chernozem soil by applying plant densities of 50, 70 and 90 thousand plants ha -1 . Due to the favourable ecological and agrotechnical conditions yields varied between 11400 and 16300 kg ha -1 depending upon the hybrid and the plant density. From among the hybrids, 5 and 7 produced the maximum yield at 70 and 90 thousand plants ha -1 , respectively however the yield increment was not significant between 70 thousand plants ha -1 and 90 thousand plants ha -1 . No relationship was found between the season length and the optimum plant density of hybrids. Those hybrids were the most favourable, which gave a stable high yield at different plant densities that is their optimum plant density range was wide (P 9175, P 9494, SY Afinity). Hybrids with a small optimum plant density range (P 9578, DKC 4490, PR 37N01) gave the highest yield at a specific plant density (70 thousand plants ha -1 or 90 thousand plants ha -1 ). A special complex coordinate system was developed for evaluation for the plant density response of maize genotypes specific ecological and agrotechnical conditions can be evaluated jointly.

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Narrow rows and high maize plant population improve water use and grain yield under conservation agriculture

Haarhoff

Swanepoel

2020

Agronomy Journal

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The relationship between maize (Zea mays L.) population density and grain yield is influenced by soil and crop management strategies, including Conservation Agriculture (CA). However, little is known about the response of maize grain yield to varying plant population and/or row spacing under CA. A 3-yr study was conducted under CA to evaluate the effects of plant population and row spacing on maize grain yield, plant available soil water, and soil temperature. Plant populations ranging from 40,000 to 80,000 plants ha −1 were evaluated at three row spacings (0.5, 0.76, and 1.0 m). The response of maize grain yield to plant population was highly variable between seasons: it was not affected by plant population in the season with the highest early season rainfall but increased with increasing plant population in the driest season and in the season with well-distributed, near average rainfall. Higher plant populations resulted in lower soil water levels, presumably due to greater water extraction. Plant population affected soil water availability in the 20-to 80-cm soil layer in Season 2, while plant population affected soil water availability at all soil layers except the 10-to 20-and 60-to 80-cm soil layers in Season 3. Rapid maize leaf-canopy closure provided by increased plant population and narrower row spacing is critical to adequately utilize the benefits associated with CA.Abbreviations: CA, conservation agriculture; DAE, days after emergence; FWC, field water capacity; PPAW, percent plant available water; PWP, permanent wilting point. How to cite this article:Haarhoff SJ, Swanepoel PA. Narrow rows and high maize plant population improve water use and grain yield under conservation agriculture. Agronomy Journal. 2020;112:921-931.

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Agronomic Responses of Corn to Planting Date and Plant Density

Cited by 123 publications

References 31 publications

Adapting maize crop to climate change

Adapting maize crop to climate change

Plant density impact on grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids on chernozem soil of the Eastern Hungary

Narrow rows and high maize plant population improve water use and grain yield under conservation agriculture

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