Agronomic Performance and Seed Inorganic Phosphorus Stability of Low‐Phytate Soybean Line TN09‐239

Abstract

Phytate (myoinositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexa‐kisphosphate) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cannot be absorbed by livestock with monogastric digestive systems, and is often excreted in their waste. This can result in agricultural runoff pollution, as well as nutritional deficiencies in poultry (Gallus Gallus domesticus) and swine (Sus domesticus). The enzyme phytase is often applied to break the phytin‐salt bonds and allow for phosphorus (P) absorption, but is an added cost for animal producers. Therefore, we developed a low‐phytate BC4‐derived line TN09‐239 for comparison of agronomic and seed‐quality traits with the high‐yielding recurrent parent, 5601T. In a replicated, multienvironment field test in Tennessee, TN09‐239 was significantly higher for inorganic P (Pi) (P < 0.001), which is inversely correlated with the seed‐phytate concentration, but significantly lower for yield (P < 0.05) in comparison with the recurrent parent. These findings for increased Pi, but reduced yield, for TN09‐239 in comparison with 5601T were confirmed in the 2010 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Uniform Preliminary V Soybean Test grown in 10 southern US environments. 5601T and TN09‐239 differed in Pi stability across southern environments, with linear regression showing 5601T having stability across environments, while TN09‐239 showed variations based on the environments. However, in each environment TN09‐239 displayed nearly a 10‐fold increase in Pi compared to 5601T. Although the low‐phytate trait and much of the recurrent parent genome along with 85–90% of the yield have been captured, further backcrossing could help recover the remaining seed yield of 5601T and other traits desirable for southern US producers.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth, Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Fixation, Mineral Accumulation, Seed Yield, and Seed Quality of a Soybean Low-Phytate Line

“…It has been reported that many low-phytate mutants impact plant growth and productivity and have decreased yield as compared with sibling normal-phytate/wild-type lines [27,28,29]. However in the case of soybean lines developed from crosses using the same low-phytate parent used here, CX1834 [14], previous studies demonstrated that while yields of low-phytate progeny were 85% to 90% of sibling normal-phytate lines, the yield loss was largely due to negative impacts on germination and emergence that led to reduced stand establishment, rather than impacts on plant growth and productivity subsequent to emergence and germination [30,31]. Therefore, in this study, we further investigated whether in the low-phytate lines that we bred, there was an effect on the growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, seed yield, and seed quality subsequent to germination and emergence.…”

“…Tanbakuro used to breed the of the low-phytate line studied here, a similar buffering effect was obtained, either provided by variant alleles of one of the two MRP orthologs, or perhaps by other components of the Tanbakuro genome. However the most likely explanation for the good growth and performance of the low-phytate soybean lines studied here is that problems with performance of this specific genotype are probably due to negative impacts on germination and emergence, rather than to negative impacts on subsequent growth and performance [29,30,31].…”

Quantitative trait locus mapping for resistance to heat‐induced seed degradation and low seed phytic acid in soybean

“…These issues have hindered full commercialization of this valuable trait. Nonetheless, several germplasm releases have occurred (Boehm, Walker, Bhandari, Kopsell, & Pantalone, 2017; Lee et al., 2019; Wiggins et al., 2018), with acceptable germination rates being reported in the literature.…”

Impact of Crossing Parent and Environment on the Metabolite Profiles of Progenies Generated from a Low Phytic Acid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutant

“…However, lpa mutant crops often exhibit inferior agronomic traits, e.g., low germination rate, decreased field emergence, and reduced grain weight. Therefore, cross and selection breeding of lpa mutants with commercial cultivars has been applied to improve the agronomic performance of lpa mutants. − …”