Agronomic biofortification of crops to fight hidden hunger in sub-Saharan Africa

Valença, Anne W. de; Bake, A.; Brouwer, Inge D.; Giller, Ken E.

doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2016.12.001

Cited by 234 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The difference arises mainly because people prefer to consume polished rice, which has 30–50% less zinc and 50% less iron . If the same trend continues, people will have ‘hidden hunger’ for micronutrients . One of the major reasons for choosing white rice as a staple food is that brown rice contains oil and becomes rancid during storage…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient productivity: a comprehensive parameter for biofortification in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient productivity: a comprehensive parameter for biofortification in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain

et al. 2018

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“…The age-old agronomic enhancement of nutritional quality may have temporarily improved micronutrient densities in grains of staple crops [34]; however, maize is physiologically weaker in Fe uptake from the soil than small grains [35]. Therefore, genetic biofortification could be a more durable solution for its micronutrient deficiencies [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Maize Kernels from a Breeding Program for Protein Quality III: Ionome Profiling

Jaradat

Goldstein

2018

Agronomy

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Densities of single and multiple macro-and micronutrients were estimated in the mature kernels of 1348 accessions in 13 maize genotypes. The germplasm belonged to stiff stalk (SS) and non-stiff stalk (NS) heterotic groups (HGs) with one (S1) to four (S4) years of inbreeding (IB), or open pollination (OP), and with opaque or translucent endosperm (OE and TE, respectively). Indices were calculated for macronutrients (M-Index), micronutrients (m-Index) and an index based on Fe and Zn densities (FeZn-Index). The objectives were to (1) build predictive models and quantify multivariate relationships between single and multiple nutrients with physical and biochemical constituents of the maize kernel; (2) quantify the effects of IB stages and endosperm textures, in relation to carbon and nitrogen allocation, on nutrients and their indices; and (3) develop and test the utility of hierarchical multi-way classification of nutrients with kernel color space coordinates. Differences among genotypes and among IB stages accounted for the largest amount of variation in most nutrients and in all indices, while genotypic response to IB within HGs explained 52.4, 55.9, and 76.0% of variation in the M-Index, m-Index, and FeZn-Index, respectively. Differences in C and N allocation among HGs explained more variation in all indices than respective differences in allocation among endosperm (E) textures, while variation decreased with sequential inbreeding compared to OP germplasm. Specific color space coordinates indicated either large macronutrient densities and M-Index, or large micronutrient densities, m-Index, and FeZn-Index. These results demonstrated the importance of genotypes and the C:N ratio in nutrient allocation, as well as bivariate and multiple interrelationships.

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“…Maternal and perinatal death and loss of cognitive skills, growth, reproduction, and physical activity, mental retardation, weak immune system, and low work capacity are major threats of Fe deficiency (Bouis, 2002;Babu et al, 2013). Iron deficiency effects have recently been effectively separated on the basis of age, sex, race, socioeconomic rank, and regional differences (Gibson, 2007;de Valença et al, 2017). Currently, biomarkers such as serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, free red blood cell protoporphyrin, and C-reactive protein are used to evaluate the occurrence of Fe deficiency (Beard et al, 2006;García-Bañuelos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Micronutrient Phytoavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and Zinc in Maize in the Developing World: Deficiency, Availability, and Breeding

et al. 2018

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal in the world and the most important food security crop in sub‐Saharan Africa. Maize provides energy and micronutrients. Deficiencies of the essential micronutrients Zn and Fe are fifth and sixth ranked among the top 10 most important risk factors for conditions such as anemia, low cognitive functioning, and impaired immune system (Fe deficiency) and diarrhea, skin inflammation, and recurrent infections (Zn deficiency) in humans, affecting more than two billion people worldwide. Poverty, lack of access to balanced diets and awareness, and low phytoavailability and bioavailability of these nutrients are major reasons for deficiencies. Breeding for mineral‐rich maize is a sustainable and cost‐effective approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Since 2004, there has been significant progress in improving maize for Zn content. The aim of this review was to capture recent developments, trends, and progress in maize Fe and Zn biofortification and to identify challenges and ways to overcome them. HarvestPlus has set target levels for Fe (60 μg g−1) and Zn (38 μg g−1) in maize. Zinc target levels have been reached, but conventional breeding alone cannot enhance Fe to the recommended levels. Techniques such as oligo‐directed mutagenesis, reverse breeding, RNA‐directed DNA methylation, and gene editing could be used in future to speed up maize Fe biofortification. Additional research is required on Fe and Zn bioavailability in maize products, and on interactions of Fe and Zn with Ca and phytate and their influence on absorption, to better understand the underlying mechanisms.

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Agronomic biofortification of crops to fight hidden hunger in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 234 publications

References 62 publications

Micronutrient productivity: a comprehensive parameter for biofortification in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain

Micronutrient productivity: a comprehensive parameter for biofortification in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain

Diversity of Maize Kernels from a Breeding Program for Protein Quality III: Ionome Profiling

Iron and Zinc in Maize in the Developing World: Deficiency, Availability, and Breeding

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