Agroforestry and climate smart agriculture to improve food security and resilience indigenous people in Teluk Patipi District Fakfak Regency West Papua Province

Abstract

Shifting cultivation, as traditional agroforestry system with trial-and-error to provide sustainable land-use type, has been developed based on social, cultural and economic realities of local community. Development of shifting cultivation in Papua is usually to achieve household food security and economic access if their own needs fulfilled. However, the local agroforestry practices (LAPs) were still lack information on species diversity and technology. Enhancing the knowledge and skills of the LAPs are needed to improve modified agroforestry system for food security and climate change adaptation. Data was collected from households of Teluk Patipi District of Fak-Fak Regency using purposive sampling method through farm inventory. Through the modified agroforestry practice (MAPs), the production scale is expected to increase the local community income as well as to prepare food security in extreme climate conditions, the preservation of typical species, environmental conservation, and support low-carbon development strategy in West Papua.

Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era?

“…Moreover, agroforestry's contribution to the total revenue varies greatly depending on plant composition and land size [46,[54][55][56][57][58]. Communities frequently practice agroforestry on small plots of land and prioritize supplying their basic needs.…”

“…16 Agroforestry practices can also be applied to dry land areas because they are relatively efficient with water resources. Therefore, the option of promoting or linking agroforestry, tree crops, and household food security should be considered a critical theory (sustainable agriculture in climate change) [45] and climate-smart agriculture [46].…”

“…Thus, the combination of crops produces multifunction agroforestry (semi-commercial). Table 2 features examples of semi-commercial agroforestry, including a combination of subsistence and commercial integration in mixed cropping in Lampung [70], cacao and coffee agroforestry in Central Sulawesi [71], rubber and fruit agroforestry in Jambi [72], fallow agroforestry system in East Kalimantan [73], coffee agroforestry in Lampung [74] and South Kalimantan [75], private forest agroforestry in Bogor, West Java [76], huma traditional agroforestry in West Java [77], tembawang traditional agroforestry in West Kalimantan [78], mixed garden in South Sumatra [79], mamar traditional agroforestry in West Timor [80], intercropping of agarwood in Flores [81], home garden agroforestry in South Sulawesi [54], dusung traditional agroforestry in Maluku [55], home garden with trigona [82] and mixed planting in West Nusa Tenggara [58], shifting cultivation garden [46] and yard agroforestry in West Papua [83] and mixed garden in Bali [84]. Nineteen agroforestry units are included in NTFP-focused agrisilviculture and only one is timber-focused agrisilviculture.…”

Selected non-timber forest products (NTFPS) commodity for future green economy-based products development in Papua Province

“…If the rainfall is higher, then floods, landslides, and flash floods will occur due to changes in forest and land use in the upper watersheds for example in the Cyclops Mountains disaster in 2019. Meanwhile, low rainfall has an impact on the ease of fuel in the forest, and the land experiences fire due to the effects of drought [14,15,16,17,18].…”

Optimization agroforestry to address green economy and climate change in Manokwari Regency, West Papua

“…Most of Indonesia's population still lives in rural areas which still depend on agriculture or plantations, including forestry plants and multi-purpose tree species (MPTS). This can be seen from the development of their yards and gardens which are arranged in such a way as to fulfill environmental preservation with various plant strata, biodiversity, food security, and the economy [1,2,3,4].…”