Agrobiodiversity in changing shifting cultivation landscapes of the Indian Himalayas: An empirical assessment

Indigenous Peoples’ Psychological Wellbeing Amid Transitions in Shifting Cultivation Landscape: Evidence from the Indian Himalayas

“…Sufficient food as a constituent of wellbeing also proved to be negative because of the increasing dependency on market-based foods, as did food consumption as a result of reduced diversity in diet and falling consumption of indigenous foods-which also had an adverse impact on yet another constituent, namely being adequately healthy. Indeed, the monoculture of cash crops (Figure 5a-f) is a serious threat to biodiversity and to food security [57], health, and wellbeing of the indigenous population in Northeast India [71]. Social cohesion was another category that was positively influenced by such constituents as freedom of expression and the ability to practice religion; however, the healthful environment is affected by changed cultivation practices (the traditional practices fostered togetherness), which also have a negative influence on healthy relationships between couples and congenial relationship among members of a household.…”

“…Despite low yields from the jhum lands, it is continued because it is part of their culture, their way of life, and also because it is less demanding than conventional farming [56]. More than 40 crops, with numerous landraces grown as part of SC by farmers sustain the livelihoods and food security in the region, which constitutes the bedrock of the indigenous food system that ensures food security through culturally accepted food [57,58]. Shifting cultivation is also a landscape in its own right (Figure 1) and is inseparable from land and its associated festivals, rituals, and their sense of bonding with nature [59][60][61][62].…”

Today's Shifting Cultivation and its Impact on Forest and Environmental Damage in Routa, Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi

“…Slightly different from Rambo and Seavoy above, Zakaria et al (2014) says that shifting cultivation is a form of land use that is often associated with traditional communities in or around forests that live in relative isolation. Shifting cultivation is characterized by a recycling pattern of land use rather than the types of plants produced on the land (Laskar et al, 2021;Pandey et al, 2022;Reang et al, 2022) in question, and slash-andburn techniques are often used. Meanwhile, White (1983) states that in general there are four characteristics of cultivation, namely that it is carried out on arid tropical land; using elementary agricultural techniques without using tools except axes; occurs in communities with low population density, and in communities with low levels of consumption.…”