Agro-morphological characterization of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) reveals elite genotypes for a breeding program in Colombia

Abstract

Yellow passion fruit cultivation in Colombia lacks detailed genetic studies that allow the establishment of intraspecific variability as a basis for a breeding program. The aim of this research was to establish the genetic relationships among accessions of different geographic origins through an agro-morphological characterization. This research was carried out in the municipality of Palestina (Caldas) at the Luker farm located at 1050 m a.s.l. Fifty-two accessions from Colombia (47), Ecuador (3), Brazil (1), and Costa Rica (1) were characterized with 45 agro-morphological descriptors complemented with phytosanitary evaluations. The quantitative descriptors (25) were analyzed by variance decomposition and principal components (PCA), and the qualitative descriptors (18) were analyzed with the multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCFA). The classification analysis by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method was used for both types of descriptors. PCA results showed six components explaining 71.6% of the total variance that are mainly associated with descriptors related to the size of the flower (tube, nectar camera, and operculum) and weight of the fruit (pulp, shell, and juice content). Thirteen qualitative descriptors were selected, and four factors (44.38% inertia) were identified, mainly associated with pubescence and anthocyanins in the bract, petiole, leaf, and ripe fruit color. The NJ classification analysis showed no relationship between accessions by geographic origin, and the distance between individuals of the same accession was higher than among accessions for both types of descriptors. Thrips (Neohydatothrips signifier) and scab (Cladosporium cladosporioides) were the pests with the highest incidence in the accessions. Six elite accessions were identified according to the selection index with outstanding fruit quality characteristics, yield, and tolerance to phytosanitary problems. The high intra-accession variability and traits of certain accessions are the basis for future breeding programs to obtain more productive and tolerant cultivars.

Responses of landraces and commercial cultivars of yellow passion fruit to the prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum

“…This explains most of the data. The diameter of the operculum and style length were also added (Rodríguez Ambachew et al, 2020;Ocampo et al, 2021). For PC2, the anther performs a different movement from the stigma, promoting attraction of pollinators (Bonilla et al, 2015).…”

Molecular characterization of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener with ISSRs markers

“…Leaf samples of twenty-one passion fruit cultivars were collected from farmer´orchard with the greatest tradition in this crop in the municipality of Miraflores. The cultivars were selected based on the differences observed in terms of clearly distinguishable morphological descriptors (Ocampo et al, 2021) (Figure 1), Boyacá located at 5°11'47"NL and 73°08'40"WL, at an altitude of 1,432 masl, with an average annual temperature of 16°C and a relative humidity of 87% on the sidewalk Pueblo and Cajón. The harvested samples and stored to -80°C until use.…”

“…The PCR amplification reaction consisted of 20 ng of DNA, 2 µmol of the primers, 1 U of Taq DNA Polymerase, 0.2 mM of dNTPs, 1.5 mM of MgCl 2 and 1X buffer in 25 µL reaction. The amplification program was 5 minutes at 95°C (initial denaturation), followed by 37 cycles at 95°C for 30 s, annealing temperature 50-58°C (depending of primer, Table 1) for 45 s, 72°C for 2 min; fresh and processed (Ocampo et al, 2021). The passion fruit tree is native to tropical America (Souza et al, 2020).…”

“…The genes Passiflora L., considered to be the largest of this family comprising about 500 species (He et al, 2020), which present a wide phenotypic variability in flowers, stems, leaves and fruits (Martinez et al, 2020). Worldwide, Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of passion fruit, both have established the distances between cultivated species and their wild relatives as a strategy for the exploration and conservation of genetic resources (Ocampo et al, 2021). Molecular genetic studies are essential to enable the definition of priority regions for conservation and identification of species and accessions to be prospected for germplasm banks and inserted in genetic improvement programs (Martinez et al, 2020).…”

Genetic variability of yam (Dioscorea trifida) genotypes in the Ucayali region, Peru

“…In the Ucayali region (Peru), the production of sachapapa reaches an approximate average of 612.11 t per year (Astete-Verde, 2019), although it is considered a neglected crop because it is mainly cultivated for subsistence by native communities using traditional agricultural practices. In order to develop strategies for the management and conservation of this crop, the genetic diversity must be agro-morphologically characterized (Ocampo et al, 2021;Thakur et al, 2021;Wada et al, 2021). In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability using morphological descriptors for 30 Dioscorea trifida genotypes.…”