Agriculturally and Industrially Important Fungi: Current Developments and Potential Biotechnological Applications

Kour, Divjot; Rana, Kusam Lata; Yadav, Neelam; Yadav, Ajar Nath; Singh, Joginder; Rastegari, Ali Asghar; Saxena, Anil Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14846-1_1

Cited by 142 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 370 publications

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“…Beneficial microbes can play an important role in increasing yields of the crop, remove contaminants, inhibit pathogens, and produce novel substances. The growth stimulation by beneficial microbes can be a consequence of biological nitrogen fixation, production of plant growth regulators such as IAA, gibberellic acids, and cytokines, and biocontrol of phytopathogens through the production of antibiotic, antifungal, or antibacterial, Fe-chelating compounds, induction of acquired host resistance, enhancing the bioavailability of minerals (Kour et al 2019;Kumar et al 2019b;Yadav et al 2019a).…”

Section: Biotechnological Potential Of Phyllosphere Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications

Sivakumar

Sathishkumar

Selvakumar

et al. 2020

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities on the leaf surface. The microbiome of phyllosphere is rich in diversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, and viruses. The diversity, dispersal, and community development on the leaf surface are based on the physiochemistry, environment, and also the immunity of the host plant. A colonization process is an important event where both the microbe and the host plant have been benefited. Microbes commonly established either epiphytic or endophytic mode of life cycle on phyllosphere environment, which helps the host plant and functional communication with the surrounding environment. To the scientific advancement, several molecular techniques like metagenomics and metaproteomics have been used to study and understand the physiology and functional relationship of microbes to the host and its environment. Based on the available information, this chapter describes the basic understanding of microbiome in leaf structure and physiology, microbial interactions, especially bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and their adaptation in the phyllosphere environment. Further, the detailed information related to the importance of the microbiome in phyllosphere to the host plant and their environment has been analyzed. Besides, biopotentials of the phyllosphere microbiome have been reviewed.

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Section: Biotechnological Potential Of Phyllosphere Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications

Sivakumar

Sathishkumar

Selvakumar

et al. 2020

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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“…The first interaction describes how the plant–fungal symbiosis impacts nutrient foraging; promotes plant growth [ 46 ]; provides resilience against biotic stress, such as plant pathogens [ 47 ]; and abiotic stress, such as drought and salt tolerance [ 48 ]. The second interaction highlights the fungal communities associated with the rhizosphere communities, facilitates soil nutrient cycling and nutrient acquisition [ 49 ], organic matter decomposition [ 50 , 51 ], synthesis of phytohormones for root utilization [ 52 ], resistance against nematodes [ 53 ], and protection against pathogens [ 54 ]. Thus, determining the endophyte-facilitated soil microbial processes and the subsequent soil microbial response contributing to increased plant production and stress tolerance may carry significant economic and ecological importance for sustainable agricultural practices [ 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Tall Fescue Epichloë Endophytes on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome

et al. 2021

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Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) often forms a symbiotic relationship with fungal endophytes (Epichloë coenophiala), which provides increased plant performance and greater tolerance to environmental stress compared to endophyte-free tall fescue. Whether this enhanced performance of tall fescue exclusively results from the grass–fungus symbiosis, or this symbiosis additionally results in the recruitment of soil microbes in the rhizosphere that in turn promote plant growth, remain a question. We investigated the soil bacterial and fungal community composition in iron-rich soil in the southeastern USA, and possible community shifts in soil microbial populations based on endophyte infection in tall fescue by analyzing the 16s rRNA gene and ITS specific region. Our data revealed that plant-available phosphorus (P) was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by endophyte infection in tall fescue. While the prominent soil bacterial phyla were similar, a clear fungal community shift was observed between endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E−) tall fescue soil at the phylum level. Moreover, compared to E− soil, E+ soil showed a greater fungal diversity at the genus level. Our results, thus, indicate a possible three-way interaction between tall fescue, fungal endophyte, and soil fungal communities resulting in improved tall fescue performance.

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“…Various extracellular enzymes from microbes perform their function outside the cell which is significant to host–endophyte interdependence. Bacteria and fungi produce various extracellular enzymes that include hydrolases, lyases, oxidoreductases, and transferases (Traving et al 2015 ; Kour et al 2019b ). The substrates are mostly macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, sugar-based polymers, and organic phosphate which are broken down into simpler forms that can be easily transported, absorbed, and assimilated.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Plant Growth Promotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Microbiomes and Their Plant Growth-Promoting Attributes for Plant Health

Ghosh

Bhagwat

Webster

2020

Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology

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Endophytes reside within internal tissues of living plants without causing any harm to the host. The influence of these microbial communities on plant growth, yield, stress, and disease resistance, has been identified as potential research priorities in agriculture. In this chapter, we aim to explore the diverse host–endophyte interactions for plant growth promotion and health. Initially, the colonization of endophytes in specific plant tissues is discussed along with their mechanism of entry, habitat selection, response to stimuli, and evasion of the plant immunity. Endophytic microbes promote plant growth through different types of direct and indirect mechanisms. Plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) play a vital role in phytohormone production, nutrient acquisition, nitrogen fixation, and solubilization of minerals. Further, indirect mechanisms (like suppression of plant pathogens by producing volatile organic compounds, antagonizing agents, and quorum quenchers) are also discussed in detail. Siderophores production and the secretion of different hydrolytic enzymes like chitinases, glucanases, and proteases also help in the induction of systemic resistance and protection of the host plants. Bioactive metabolites derived from endophytes serve as excellent therapeutic agents and have potential applications in agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Hereby, this chapter highlights the scientific rationale behind using endophytic microbiomes as potential biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biocontrol agents.

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Agriculturally and Industrially Important Fungi: Current Developments and Potential Biotechnological Applications

Cited by 142 publications

References 370 publications

Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications

Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications

Influence of Tall Fescue Epichloë Endophytes on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome

Endophytic Microbiomes and Their Plant Growth-Promoting Attributes for Plant Health

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