Agricultural wastes as a resource of raw materials for developing low-dielectric glass-ceramics

Danewalia, Satwinder Singh; Sharma, Gaurav; Thakur, Samita; Singh, K.

doi:10.1038/srep24617

Cited by 72 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It also must have temperature and frequency independent behavior in the microwave frequency region. The dielectric and optical properties of the RHA and SCLA based samples were reported by Danewalia et al 168. They observed dielectric constant~7–25 with discrete temperature up to 600 °C and conductivity was small for these samples.…”

Section: Second Generation Agricultural Wastes and Their Usessupporting

confidence: 55%

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Sharma

Kaur

Punj

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Over the past century, the world's population has increased greatly. The growth in the population has increased the global food demand, so the food sector has increased its production. As a result of the increased production and consumption, a huge amount of agro-food waste is being generated yearly. Rice husk, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, peanut shell, eggshell, are just a few examples of agro-food wastes. As these agro-food wastes and their by-products are left unused and unattended, their amount is increasing globally. It is imperative to find ways to put these wastes to environmentally viable use. These wastes find direct uses in biofertilizers, mud houses, animal feed, biofuel, and heat generation in small-scale industries, etc. After heat generation, ashes are considered as a secondary by-product, which can be used as a sustainable and renewable resource for synthesizing value-added products for various applications. This article presents a review of the traditional and advanced methods of utilizing these wastes in household applications, animal feed, fertilizers, fuel generation, pyrolysis, and for the removal of toxic metals from polluted water. These secondary resources can also be used in construction materials and for the synthesis of glasses and glass-ceramics, which can be used in bioengineering, optical, and dielectric materials. Agrofood wastes can be used as resource materials to develop modern materials with better properties instead of using minerals. This not only reduces the environment-and management-related problem of the wastes but also provides a sustainable alternative way to produce cost-effective value-added materials for the benefit of society.

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Section: Second Generation Agricultural Wastes and Their Usessupporting

confidence: 55%

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Sharma

Kaur

Punj

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Alkali metals, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium salts in RH, preferably react with silica to form eutectic mixtures with low melting points. At a high concentration of potassium or sodium, the melting point of eutectic mixtures is as low as 600–700 °C, significantly reducing the normal crystalline temperature of RHA silica [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Water-Leaching and Acid-Leaching Pretreatment on the Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Biomass Silica for Viability as a Pozzolanic Additive in Cement

Wei

Chen

et al. 2018

Materials

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The present work aims to introduce a novel and eco-friendly method, i.e., a water-leaching pretreatment for extracting highly reactive biomass silica from rice husk (RH), for viability as a pozzolanic additive in cement. For comparison, the traditional acid pretreatment method was also employed throughout the experimental study. The silica from RH was extracted using boiled deionized water and acid solution as leaching agents to remove the alkali metal impurities, and then dried and submitted to pyrolysis treatment. The results indicated that potassium was found to be the major contaminant metal inducing the formation of undesirable black carbon particles and the decrease in crystallization temperature of amorphous RHA silica. The boiling-water-leaching pretreatment and acid-leaching pretreatment on RHs significantly removed the metallic impurities and reduced the crystallization sensitivity of RHA silica to calcination temperature. A highly reactive amorphous silica with purity of 96% was obtained from RH via 1 N hydrochloric acid leaching followed by controlled calcination at 600 °C for 2 h. The acid treatments increased the crystallization temperature of silica to 1200 °C and retained the amorphous state of silica for 2.5 h. In the case of water-leaching pretreatment, leaching duration for 2.5 h could yield an amorphous silica with purity of 94% and render the silica amorphous at 900 °C for 7 h. The RHA silica yielded by water-leaching pretreatment presented a comparable enhancing effect to that of acid leaching on hydration and improved the strength of cement. Furthermore, compared with the acid-leaching method, the water-leaching pretreatment method is more environmentally friendly and easier to operate, and hence more widely available.

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“…In general, the glasses are ionic or mixed ionic conductors, in which charge is predominantly carried by the movable modifying ions . The factors affecting the conductivity of the glasses include network rigidity; network connectivity; types and concentrations of the modifiers; the charge, size, and mobility of the modifier ions; and so forth. − In the present case, the conductivity of the vanadium-containing glasses is higher than that of the vanadium-free glass, that is, ZV-0.0. At 250 °C, the highest conductivity is exhibited by ZV-2.5 (∼10 5 S cm –1 ).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of Variable Oxidation States of Vanadium on the Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of B₂O₃–Li₂O–ZnO–V₂O₅ Glasses

Arya¹,

Arora

Danewalia

2016

J. Phys. Chem. B

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In the present study, the effect of variable vanadium oxidation states on the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of vanadium oxide containing lithium borate glasses has been investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies indicate that vanadium in these glasses is mostly in the V state, having a tetragonal symmetry. As the glass composition of VO increases, tetragonality also increases at the cost of octahedral symmetry. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these glasses are dominated by zinc oxide transition, whereas the peaks pertaining to the vanadyl group are not visible in the PL spectra. The optical absorption spectra show a single wide absorption band, which is attributed to V ions in these glasses. The ac conductivity of the glasses increases with an increase in vanadium content. The highest electrical conductivity observed is ∼10 S cm at 250 °C for the glass with 2.5 mol % VO. Electrical conductivity is dominated by electron conduction, as indicated by the activation energy calculation.

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Agricultural wastes as a resource of raw materials for developing low-dielectric glass-ceramics

Cited by 72 publications

References 44 publications

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Comparative Study of Water-Leaching and Acid-Leaching Pretreatment on the Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Biomass Silica for Viability as a Pozzolanic Additive in Cement

Effect of Variable Oxidation States of Vanadium on the Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of B₂O₃–Li₂O–ZnO–V₂O₅ Glasses

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Agricultural wastes as a resource of raw materials for developing low-dielectric glass-ceramics

Cited by 72 publications

References 44 publications

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Comparative Study of Water-Leaching and Acid-Leaching Pretreatment on the Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Biomass Silica for Viability as a Pozzolanic Additive in Cement

Effect of Variable Oxidation States of Vanadium on the Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of B2O3–Li2O–ZnO–V2O5 Glasses

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Effect of Variable Oxidation States of Vanadium on the Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of B₂O₃–Li₂O–ZnO–V₂O₅ Glasses