A traceable declaration of health is now necessary for many plants, especially those being monitored for disease such as certified nursery stock. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) microchips placed in woody plants can be used to store and retrieve information on their health status through all phases of propagation and in the field. The microchip is linked to a database in which many other kinds of information, such as pesticide applications, can be collected and linked. Using a Web-based platform, information can be shared globally and accessed quickly. RFID technology can also be integrated with cell phones and netbooks for the easy recording of images and audio, which can be linked back to the chip and shared -or, with global positioning systems (GPS), used to create a virtual orchard or vineyard. There are myriad uses for this new technology, which is expanding rapidly and has been implemented successfully in the European livestock industry. Trials have shown its particular relevance to plant pathology, where it could be an important risk management tool. P roduct identification has become important in many aspects of agriculture. For health, sanitation and environmental safety (for example, to limit the spread of plant pathogens), government agencies now require many foods and agricultural products to have identifying labels or documents (FDA 2009). Identification also builds consumer trust; when labels and documents are lost or removed, as in the label fraud of wines, customer fidelity is at risk. Identification provides valuable information for implementing environmental protections and evaluating economic losses. It also helps control the spread of pests in propagated plant materials, which is central to international plant disease control strategies.The declaration of a plant's health, or a product's high quality, should be traceable during all stages of its life. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defined traceability, as it applies to agricultural products, as the ability to trace and follow a food, feed, food-producing animal or ingredients through all stages of production and distribution (ISO 1994 A voluntary approach to traceability could be standardized, following international standards (ISO 2005). The identification of suppliers, participants in the production line, historic data and client feedback could all be linked to the plant or product.
Disease-free plantsIn the 1960s, the European Economic Community drafted regulations regarding the health status of grapevines, ornamental plants and fruit trees, establishing protocols for producing certified The spread of leafroll disease in Napa Valley vineyards ) and an epidemic of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Italy (Ferrante and Scortichini 2010) are recent reminders of the need to limit the spread of regulated and notyet-regulated pests and viruses (Luvisi, Panattoni, Colosimo et al. 2010). With major crops at risk, the certified propagation of disease-free stock may be an appropriate area for applying new tools in plant...