Agricultural Land Degradation: Processes and Problems Undermining Future Food Security

Hossain, Akbar; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Timsina, Jagadish; Mahboob, M. Golam; Chaki, Apurbo Kumar; Farooq, Muhammad; Bhatt, Rajan; Fahad, Shah; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_2

Cited by 84 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Global warming and climate change impacts on humankind have spurred interest in enhancing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystems [ 1 ]. Human activities induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is the key cause for climate irregularities [ 2 ] which is severely affecting agricultural productivity [ 3 , 4 ] in the form of salinity, drought, waterlogging, high temperature, toxicity, etc. [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

et al. 2021

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Conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification (CASI) technologies comprising zero-tillage with crop residue retention (>30%) on the soil surface, diversified cropping systems, and balanced nutrient management are recognized as operative and efficacious strategies to ensure food security in the parts of South Asia. The present investigation was a component of CASI technologies undertaken in the farmers’ field of Malda (old alluvial Inceptisol) Coochbehar (recent alluvial Entisol) district, West Bengal (subtropical eastern India). This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term impact of contrasting tillage (zero and conventional) and cropping systems (rice–wheat and rice–maize) on total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions, viz., labile pool-1 (LP1), labile pool-2 (LP2) and recalcitrant carbon (RC) fractions after 4-year trial of conservation agriculture (CA) in the old and recent alluvial soils. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm), and thus, our study was focused on two factors, viz., cropping system and tillage. Results pointed that TOC along with LP1, LP2, and RC fractions under rice–maize (RM) cropping system were significantly (p<0.05) greater (15–35%) over rice–wheat (RW) system as a result of higher residue biomass addition. Zero-tillage (ZT) improved the C fractions by 10–20% over conventional tillage (CT) in all aspects. TOC and its fractions were observed to be greater under the ZT system in the topmost soil depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm), but the same system failed to improve these at 10–20 cm. Interestingly, the CT increased all the fractions at 10–20 cm depth due to the incorporation of crop residues. The concentration of TOC along with its fractions decreased with increasing soil depth was evident. Comparatively, all the C fractions, including TOC were maximum in soils from Malda sites as compared to Coochbehar sites because of a higher amount of residue biomass application, higher clay content, and greater background content of C in these soils. All the studied C fractions showed a significant correlation (r = >0.635; p<0.01) with TOC among all the soil depths in both the districts but the relationship with soil texture showed some interesting results. TOC fractions were significantly correlated (p<0.01) with clay particles indicating that its higher stabilization with clay in old alluvial Inceptisol (Malda); while in recent alluvial Entisol (Coochbehar), sand particle showed its strong relation with TOC fractions. Higher stratification ratio (SR) in the ZT system suggested that the concentration of TOC and its fractions are confined to the upper soil layers whereas in the case of CT, by and large, the distribution of these was comparatively high in subsequent soil depths due to residue incorporation effect. The concentration of C fractions in soils followed the order: TOC > RC > LP2 > LP1. The present investigation concluded that ZT under the RM system increases the turnover rates of C in both soil types but the amount of clay influences the stabilization/storage of C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

et al. 2021

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“…The addition of MDA decreases with seed priming, which increases with abiotic stress, and is further used as an oxidative stress measure. This decline is related to improved membrane repair of antioxidant enzyme inductive responses during the seed priming process (Bhanuprakash, 2015;Banerjee and Roychoudhury, 2018;Hossain et al, 2020;Zulfiqar, 2021).…”

Section: The Effects Of Seed Priming On Biochemical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the FAO (2011), water-logging and interrelated salinity have adversely influenced 60-80 million hectares of soil. Soil deteriorated by salinity is not less than 10 mha of agricultural soil annually worldwide, and land degradation due to salinity is a very significant problem worldwide, which has negatively affected land productivity (Qadir et al, 2014;Hossain et al, 2020). At the end of the 21st century, more than 50% of agricultural land will be lost due to soil salinity problems (FAO, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practical and economical strategy to mitigate salinity stress through seed priming

Khan

Irfan

Asim

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Soil salinity is one of the significant abiotic threats to crops that deteriorates crop yields, and the world’s increasing population faces serious food problems due to abiotic threats. It is one of the major abiotic problems affecting more than 30% of irrigated land across the globe. The concentrations of various salts, such as NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3, cause saline stress; however, NaCl is the most abundant salt in the soil. Salinity could affect seed germination due to osmotic potential or due to specific toxic ion effects, and it decreases germination percentage and increases germination time, and high salt stress is responsible for delaying seed germination. Therefore, it is necessary to alleviate the negative impact of soil salinity during seedling growth periods, so the growth of crops in salt-affected soil will be much more enhanced. Seed priming is the utmost effective technique that could mitigate the harmful impact of soil salinity. This methodology not only minimizes the salinity tolerance but also strengthens the defense system of crops. In this technique, the hydration level within the seeds is controlled by applying pre-sowing treatments, allowing specific pre-germinative metabolic processes to occur and preventing radical emergence. Seed priming also decreases the seed germination time and improves antioxidant enzyme activities, stopping or minimizing reactive oxygen species’ adverse effects. It enhances the seedling performance with rapid and homogenous germination and vigorous and dynamic growth of the seedling, achieving a physiological situation leading to quick and enhanced emergence and germination of various crops. This review covers the mechanisms of seed priming, salinity tolerance, seed priming crosstalk with salinity tolerance, and seed priming techniques that induce biochemical, physiological, and morphological mechanisms in saline stress. Further research needs to be performed on advanced seed priming methods such as priming with nanoparticles and seed priming with physical agents (UV radiation, X-rays, gamma rays, and microwaves) to minimize the negative impact of salinity stress on different crops under different harsh environmental conditions.

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“…Erosion reduces the ability of the soil to hold water and support plant growth, thereby reducing its ability to support agro-biodiversity (Pimentel 2006). It is also believed that, as a result of the erosion over the past four decades, 30% of the world's arable land has lost its fertility (Hossain et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in Relation to Landslides in Western Mid-hills of Nepal

Pathak

Joshi

Ghimire

2023

Preprint

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An attempt has been made in this research to assess soil erosion and its spatial distribution by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model at Rangun Khola Watershed, western Nepal. The erosion factors were acquired from multiple sources (Satellite images, ALOSPALSAR DEM, SOTER soil database, Esri 2020 land cover map, rainfall database of DHM) and an integrated analysis was carried out in raster format of GIS. A landslide inventory was generated on the basis of satellite images and past literature to validate soil erosion intensity in the area. The result map of the RUSLE model was categorized into six levels based on the erosion severity, and 9.06% of the area was found to be under extremely severe soil erosion risk (> 80 ton ha− 1year− 1) indicating urgent consequences. The frequency ratios for each level of potential erosion susceptible to landside exhibited a linear relationship depicting reasonable and satisfactory level of agreement between the landslide event/location data and the erosion map that validates the model result. The result of this study will be helpful to detect the sensitive zones presenting a priority of protection and offer valuable information that aids decision-makers and user agencies in creating adequate conservation planning programs to stop soil erosion and maintain the natural balance.

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Agricultural Land Degradation: Processes and Problems Undermining Future Food Security

Cited by 84 publications

References 132 publications

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India

A practical and economical strategy to mitigate salinity stress through seed priming

Estimation of soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in Relation to Landslides in Western Mid-hills of Nepal

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