Agricultural impacts on water quality and implications for virtual water trading decisions

Dabrowski, J.; Murray, Kevin; Ashton, P. J.; Leaner, Joy

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.07.016

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…CWUModel has simulated a nitrogen-leaching rate of 12%-31%, 11%-17% and 30%-50% respectively. Furthermore, the estimation of the grey WF is affected by other factors such as nitrogen losses through runoff, return flow or atmospheric deposition [49]. Liu et al [25] reported that grey WF calculations are largely influenced by the Cnat and Cmax.…”

Section: Limitation Of the Grey Water Footprint Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water Footprint of Agriculture in Duero River Basin

2015

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Abstract:The aim of this paper is to evaluate the green, blue and grey water footprint (WF) of crops in the Duero river basin. For this purpose CWUModel was developed. CWUModel is able to estimate the green and blue water consumed by crops and the water needed to assimilate the nitrogen leaching resulting from fertilizer application. The total WF of crops in the Spanish Duero river basin was simulated as 9473 Mm 3 /year (59% green, 20% blue and 21% grey). Cultivation of crops in rain-fed lands is responsible for 5548 Mm 3 /year of the WF (86% green and 14% grey), whereas the irrigated WF accounts for 3924 Mm 3 /year (20% green, 47% blue and 33% grey). Barley is the crop with the highest WF, with almost 37% of the total WF for the crops simulated for the basin, followed by wheat (17%). Although maize makes up 16% of the total WF of the basin, the blue and grey components comprise the 36% of the total blue and grey WF in the basin. The relevance of green water goes beyond the rain-fed production, to the extent that in long-cycle irrigated cereals it accounts for over 40% of the total water consumed. Nonetheless, blue water is a key component in agriculture, both for production and economically. The sustainability assessment shows that the current blue water consumption of crops causes a significant or severe water stress level in 2-5 months of the year. The anticipated expansion of irrigation in the coming years could hamper water management, despite the Duero being a relatively humid basin.

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Section: Limitation Of the Grey Water Footprint Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Water Footprint of Agriculture in Duero River Basin

2015

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“…Another study by Chapagain & Hoekstra (2003) found SA to be a net importer of water in both crop and livestock foreign trade at 4,369.3 Â 10 6 and 978.3 Â 10 6 m 3 /year through each, respectively. Dabrowski et al (2009) found maize exports to be the main driver of VW outflows.…”

Section: The Vwt Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good amount of research work assessing the impacts of these reforms has been undertaken both at sector level as well as economywide (Hassan et al, 2008). Conversely, little parallel effort has gone into analysis of how the structure of the country's international trade flows and policies has impacted VWT and in turn efficiency in domestic water allocation and use (Chapagain & Hoekstra, 2003;Hoekstra & Hung, 2005;Lange & Hassan, 2006;Dabrowski et al, 2009). Most important is the fact that the two efforts have so far not been directly linked in terms of how consistent and enhancing or conflicting internal water policy reforms and VWT patterns have been in improving domestic water use and allocation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of water policy reforms for virtual water trade between South Africa and its trade partners: economy-wide approach

Hassan

Thiam

2014

Water Policy

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This paper employs an economy-wide framework to evaluate impacts of water and trade policy reforms in South Africa (SA) on virtual water flows. To pursue this analysis, the study derives net virtual water trade flows between SA and its partners to assess implications of recent trade agreements within the South African Development Community compared to economic cooperation with other major trading blocks (e.g. European Union, Asia, and Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC)). Recent trends in actual trade confirm model predictions that liberalization of water allocation would switch water from field crops to horticulture and promote growth in non-agricultural exports. The results suggest that it is necessary to introduce policies that enhance likely outcomes of liberalization promoting higher water use efficiency within irrigation agriculture such as increased adoption of more efficient irrigation methods (sprinkler, drip, etc.) as water becomes more expensive under wider open competition. Moreover, investment in higher water use efficiency and improved competitiveness of dryland agriculture therefore represent the sound economic options for strengthening the capacity to achieve food security objectives as the country strives to lower net water exports. Finally, careful coordination of trade and water policy reforms is another necessary challenge for SA's strive to manage a water stressed economy.

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“…Dauvergne & Lister, 2012;Khan & Hanjra, 2009). Direct negative effects include water resource depletion and pollution (Dabrowski, Murray, Ashton, & Leaner, 2009;Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008) and concentration of water use rights, which might jeopardize local livelihoods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual water trade and the contestation of hydrosocial territories

Vos

Hinojosa

2016

Water International

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Growing trade in virtual water -the water used to produce exported products from agriculture and mining sectors -affects local communities and the environment, and transforms hydrosocial territories. National and international water regulations reshape communities' hydrosocial territories by changing water governance structures to favour export commodity sectors, often inducing strong contestation from local communities. Transnational companies formulate and enforce global water governance arrangements oriented toward strengthening export production chains, often through asymmetrical relationships with local groups in waterexport regions. These arrangements compromise political representation and water security for both local communities and companies.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Agricultural impacts on water quality and implications for virtual water trading decisions

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

The Water Footprint of Agriculture in Duero River Basin

The Water Footprint of Agriculture in Duero River Basin

Implications of water policy reforms for virtual water trade between South Africa and its trade partners: economy-wide approach

Virtual water trade and the contestation of hydrosocial territories

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