Agricultural chemical interchange between ground water and surface water, Cedar River basin, Iowa and Minnesota: A study description

Squillace, Paul J.; Liszewski, M.J.; Thurman, E. Michael

doi:10.3133/ofr9285

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The difference in hydraulic head between the porous media adjacent to the potentiometer screen and the lake is registered on a manometer, and the gradient is the ratio of that difference to the depth beneath the lake bed to which the screen is inserted. Because deeper penetrations were required to determine the vertical extent of unsaturated sediments, a modified HPM probe [Squillace et al, 1993] also was used; this probe contains a drive hammer which enables the screen to be driven up to 3 m beneath the lake bed. Head differences and gradients were measured at 0-20 m from shore; the most distal points required standing on a ladder positioned on the lake bed and snorkel or SCUBA gear to advance the top of the probe beneath the lake surface.…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake

Rosenberry¹

2000

Water Resources Research

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At the shoreline the water table is as much as 6.7 rn below the lake surface. Modeling results of a similar hypothetical setting indicate that the horizontal extent of an unsaturated zone beneath a lake depends on (1) the permeability contrast between the outwash and the lake bed, (2) anisotropy, (3) lake bed slope, and (4) thickness of the lower-permeability lake bed sediments. Although rarely documented, unsaturated sediments beneath a lake may not be extremely uncommon. Similar, much smaller unsaturated-zone areas also have been observed beneath two other lakes in Minnesota.

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Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake

Rosenberry¹

2000

Water Resources Research

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“…Sewage discharges to surface water can significantly increase interstitial and sedimentassociated nutrient concentrations, depleting hyporheic oxygen (19,117) and fundamentally altering hyporheic biogeochemical structure and function. Similarly, chemicals in agricultural runoff can move from surface water into groundwater with little change in concentration (122,123). If degradation occurs, it is likely to happen within the HZ rather than in deeper groundwater zones (120).…”

Section: Future Research and River Management At The Catchment Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Significance of the Hyporheic Zone in Streams and Rivers

Boulton

Findlay

Marmonier

et al. 1998

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

1,012

776

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The hyporheic zone is an active ecotone between the surface stream and groundwater. Exchanges of water, nutrients, and organic matter occur in response to variations in discharge and bed topography and porosity. Upwelling subsurface water supplies stream organisms with nutrients while downwelling stream water provides dissolved oxygen and organic matter to microbes and invertebrates in the hyporheic zone. Dynamic gradients exist at all scales and vary temporally. At the microscale, gradients in redox potential control chemical and microbially mediated nutrient transformations occurring on particle surfaces. At the stream-reach scale, hydrological exchange and water residence time are reflected in gradients in hyporheic faunal composition, uptake of dissolved organic carbon, and nitrification. The hyporheic corridor concept describes gradients at the catchment scale, extending to alluvial aquifers kilometers from the main channel. Across all scales, the functional significance of the hyporheic zone relates to its activity and connection with the surface stream.

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“…The protocol used for water-quality sample collection was described in detail by Squillace et al (1992) and, therefore, is only briefly described here. A composite surface-water sample was collected in a glass container on April 6 at the existing streamfiowgaging-station weir (Figure 1), and a sample was collected at the same location by an automatic sampler at the peak of stream discharge on June 7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

INFILTRATION OF ATRAZINE AND METABOLITES FROM A STREAM TO AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER¹

Squillace¹,

Burkart²,

Simpkins

1997

J American Water Resour Assoc

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The infiltration of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine from Walnut Creek, a tributary stream, to the alluvial valley aquifer along the South Skunk River in central Iowa occurred where the stream transects the river's flood plain. A preliminary estimate indicated that the infiltration was significant and warrants further investigation. Infiltration was estimated by measuring the loss of stream discharge in Walnut Creek and the concentrations of atrazine and its metabolites deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine, in ground water 1 m beneath the streambed. Infiltration was estimated before application of agrichemicals to the fields during a dry period on April 7, 1994, and after application of agrichemicals during a period of small runoff on June 8, 1994. On April 7, the flux of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine from Walnut Creek into the alluvial valley aquifer ranged from less than 10 to 60 (μg/d)/m2, whereas on June 8 an increased flux ranged from 270 to 3060 (μg/d)/m2. By way of comparison, the calculated fluxes of atrazine beneath Walnut Creek, for these two dates, were two to five orders of magnitude greater than an estimated flux of atrazine to ground water caused by leaching from a field on a per‐unit‐area basis. Furthermore, the unit‐area flux rates of water from Walnut Creek to the alluvial valley aquifer were about three orders of magnitude greater than estimated recharge to the alluvial aquifer from precipitation. The large flux of chemicals from Walnut Creek to the alluvial valley aquifer was due in part to the conductive streambed and rather fast ground water velocities; average vertical hydraulic conductivity through the streambed was calculated as 35 and 90 m/d for the two sampling dates, and estimated ground water velocities ranged from 1 to 5 m/d.

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Agricultural chemical interchange between ground water and surface water, Cedar River basin, Iowa and Minnesota: A study description

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake

Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake

The Functional Significance of the Hyporheic Zone in Streams and Rivers

INFILTRATION OF ATRAZINE AND METABOLITES FROM A STREAM TO AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER¹

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Agricultural chemical interchange between ground water and surface water, Cedar River basin, Iowa and Minnesota: A study description

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake

Unsaturated‐zone wedge beneath a large, natural lake

The Functional Significance of the Hyporheic Zone in Streams and Rivers

INFILTRATION OF ATRAZINE AND METABOLITES FROM A STREAM TO AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

INFILTRATION OF ATRAZINE AND METABOLITES FROM A STREAM TO AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER¹