Agrichemicals in surface water and birth defects in the United States

Winchester, Paul; Huskins, Jordan C.; Ying, Jun

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01207.x

Cited by 149 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, there was a stronger effect noted for infants conceived in spring, when pesticides were typically applied. A study also conducted in the USA reported higher rates of several birth defects, including spina bifida and CVS malformations, in infants conceived in the months with highest surface water concentrations of pesticides such as atrazine [4]. Regarding individual-level epidemiological studies, a casecontrol study in California found that women occupationally exposed to pesticides during pregnancy presented an increased risk of having a baby with a neural tube defect, among other anomalies [36].…”

Section: Ijomeh 2014;27(3) 482mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide consumption, central nervous system and cardiovascular congenital malformations in the South and Southeast region of Brazil

Cremonese¹,

Freire²,

Camargo³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: To investigate the association between per capita pesticide consumption and infant mortality rates from CNS and CVS congenital malformations in microregions in the South and Southeast Region of Brazil. Material and Methods: An ecological study was conducted using data on pesticide expenditure in 1985 and 1996, and deaths caused by CNS and CVS malformations in infants under 1 year old in 1986-1990 and 1997-2001, respectively. Per capita pesticide consumption and infant mortality rates were calculated for each microregion. Microregions were grouped according to quintiles of pesticide consumption, taking the first quintile as reference. The association between pesticide consumption and infant mortality was examined by calculating Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and mortality rate ratios (RR), stratifying by gender and type of microregion (urban or rural). Results: Significant and positive correlations between per capita pesticide consumption and rates of mortality due to CNS and CVS defects were observed in rural but not urban microregions. In general, mortality RRs for the 2 types of malformations in rural microregions were significantly higher in each quintile of pesticide consumption compared to the lowest quintile in the 2 study periods, with elevations ranging between 10% and 30%. Likewise, mortality RRs in these microregions showed significant trends of increase across quintiles of pesticide consumption in both study periods. In urban areas, however, mortality RRs from both CNS and CVS malformations were weak and not statistically significant, and a trend of increase of mortality with increasing pesticide usage was not observed. Conclusions:The results show the relevance of pesticide exposure in rural areas with intense agricultural activity, suggesting that such prenatal exposures may be related with the occurrence of certain congenital defects.

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Section: Ijomeh 2014;27(3) 482mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA, birth defects are the main cause of infant mortality, being responsible for 20.1% of the total number of deaths [4]. In Latin America, congenital anomalies are responsible for 25% of pediatric hospital admissions and they represent the 3rd cause of mortality among infants in the 1st year of life [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide consumption, central nervous system and cardiovascular congenital malformations in the South and Southeast region of Brazil

Cremonese¹,

Freire²,

Camargo³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…Therefore agricultural areas should not be undervalued by existing assessments (Tillitt et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010). Atrazine disrupts hormones was substantiated by epidemiological studies which found links between atrazine exposure and © 2017 Life Science Informatics Publication All rights reserved Peer review under responsibility of Life Science Informatics Publications 2017 July -August RJLBPCS 3(2) Page No.199 reproductive effects including low birth weight, increased risk of miscarriage, increased the frequency of congenital disability, and reduced male fertility (Swan et al, 2003;Winchester et al, 2009). At low concentrations as 0.1 to 1.0 µg L −1 incidences of hermaphroditic effects and feminization of Xenopus laevis (male African clawed frogs) have been reported (Hayes et al, 2002;Ralston-Hooper et al, 2009).…”

Section: Reproductive Effects and Endocrine Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Untitled

2017

RJLBPCS

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ABSTRACT:Increasing human population is putting enormous pressure on food supply and agriculture. To increase crop production, pesticides are used intensively. Atrazine (herbicide) which has proved economical in case of maize and sorghum for yield increase and price reduction for farmers. However, extensive use of atrazine in agriculture resulted in pollution and adverse effects on the environment.There is need to tackle atrazine contamination. This review explores the way for atrazine remediation.

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“…In recent years, the frequent detection of ATZ and its degradation products in water supplies and concerns about ATZ potential endocrine/reproductive and neurological effects in wildlife and humans triggered several environmental and epidemiologic studies for assessment of possible human health hazards of ATZ and other triazine pesticides [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometry detection of atrazine and its metabolic and hydrolysis products in urine

Kuklenyik

Panuwet

Jayatilaka

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatography B

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Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] is the most widely used herbicide in the United States. In recent years, there has been controversy about atrazine's potential endocrine/reproductive and neurological adverse effects in wildlife and humans. The controversy triggered several environmental and epidemiologic studies, and it generated needs for sensitive and selective analytical methods for the quantification of atrazine, atrazine metabolites, and degradation or hydrolysis products. We developed a two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (2D-HPLC) method with isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry detection to measure atrazine in urine, along with 11 atrazine metabolites and hydrolysis products, including 6-chloro (Cl), 6-mercapto (Mer) and 6-hydroxy (OH) derivatives, and their desethyl, desisopropyl and diamino atrazine analogs (DEA, DIA and DAA, respectively). The 2D-HPLC system incorporated strong cation exchange and reversed phase separation modes. This versatile approach can be used for the quantitative determination of all 12 compounds in experimental animals for toxicological studies. The method requires only 10 μL of urine, and the limits of detection (LODs) range from 10 to 50 μg/L. The method can also be applied to assess atrazine exposure in occupational settings by measurement of 6-Cl and 6-Mer analogs, which requires only 100 μL of urine with LODs of 1-5 μg/L. Finally, in combination with automated off-line solid phase extraction before 2D-HPLC, the method can also be applied in non-occupational environmental exposure studies for the determination of 6-Cl and − 6-Mer metabolites, using 500 μL of urine and LODs of 0.1-0.5 μg/L.

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Agrichemicals in surface water and birth defects in the United States

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate if live births conceived in months when surface water agrichemicals are highest are at greater risk for birth defects.

Cited by 149 publications

References 29 publications

Pesticide consumption, central nervous system and cardiovascular congenital malformations in the South and Southeast region of Brazil

Pesticide consumption, central nervous system and cardiovascular congenital malformations in the South and Southeast region of Brazil

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Two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometry detection of atrazine and its metabolic and hydrolysis products in urine

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