Agri‐residual waste, wheat bran as a biosorbent for mitigation of dye pollution in industrial wastewaters

Abstract

In the current investigation, a comparison of mitigation of industrial-grade, Dispersive Dark Red (DDR) (93.55%), Disperse Orange (DO) (93.48%) and lab grade, Malachite Green (MG) (95.25%), and Congo Red (CR) (97.02%) dyes using biosorptive ability of wheat bran (WB) (efficient, economical, readily available and environment-friendly adsorbent) has been reported. WB obtained from wheat (a type of grass plant, a major human food crop), is a waste product generated from agricultural practices. The effect of different variables, namely, pH, adsorbate concentration, incubation time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were investigated to determine the optimal parameters for dye sorption. The influence of the chemical modification of the sorbent on its adsorption capacity was also tested, which showed a positive effect of acid modification towards acidic dyes and vice versa towards the basic dyes. For all the dyes, in comparison to the Freundlich model, nonlinear Langmuir model of isotherm has given better conformity, with maximum adsorption capacity of 11.14 (MG), 15.17 (CR), 12.34 (DDR), and 15.98 (DO) mg/g at their respective optimal temperature following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for adsorption, proving it to be dependent on adsorption capacity of WB. The findings clearly suggest WB to be an efficient dye remover from aqueous solutions and can, thus, be well explored for dye pollution reduction in industrial wastewaters. K E Y W O R D S chemical dyes, environment pollution, plant waste, water treatment, wheat bran 1 | INTRODUCTION Water pollution by chemical-based dyes (along with other chemicals employed in different industrial processes), is a cause of concern in textile industry as these are often associated with toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity [1,2], and genotoxicity [3]. The textile industry is a major chemical-based, water-[4] and energyintensive industry, which uses dyes for coloring textile fabrics. Apart from other textile wet processing steps like, desizing and scouring, that use chemicals, fabric dyeing is one of the most problematic steps, with unbound dyes being released into the wastewater. The wastewater, rich in metal ions, acids, bases, salts, and chemical dyes

Designing and implementation of internet of things (IoT) on physico‐biological treatment of wastewater

“…The dimensions of all the components were calculated based on the disc diameter of the RBC tank, on the basis of the concept that 40% of the disc should be underwater at a time during the operation. [ 17 ] The column was constructed such that it could accumulate one third of the volume capacity to that of the RBC in its respective collector after adsorption. A stainless‐steel stirrer was attached to the primary tank with a motor, rotating at a speed of 5 rpm for uniform mixing.…”

“…WB, obtained from the local market of Jalandhar, Punjab, India, and further processed in the laboratory, was used as the adsorbent. [15][16][17]…”

“…The construction materials and components differ with the usage volume. The major components of the prototype were an adsorption column (height, 108 cm; diameter 8.5 cm; and liquid column height, 36 cm) which was packed with WB, already optimized for its dye adsorptive properties, [17,18] a primary treatment or equalization tank (height, 22.40 cm; length, 24.08 cm; breadth 19.70 cm), an RBC or a secondary treatment tank (height, 22.40 cm; length, 35.20 cm; breadth 19.70 cm and disk radius 14 cm) and a precipitation tank (height, 22.40 cm; length, 24.08 cm; breadth 19.70 cm). The dimensions of all the components were calculated based on the disc diameter of the RBC tank, on the basis of the concept that 40% of the disc should be underwater at a time during the operation.…”

Microbial Degradation of Azo Dyes: Approaches and Prospects for a Hazard-Free Conversion by Microorganisms

“…Although activated carbon is effective and has been the primary option for this kind of treatment, it is not often used due to its high cost. Alternatives have been explored, such as peat, banana peels, clay, corn cob, maize, and wheat straw [55][56][57][58]. However, there are some drawbacks due to the problematic waste disposal of these cheaper alternatives.…”

Degradation of Organic Dyes by the UCNP/h-BN/TiO2 Ternary Photocatalyst

“…The currently used methods for treating dye wastewater include physical, biological, chemical, and photocatalytic methods. Physical methods, including physical adsorption and membrane separation, are simple but result in the incomplete treatment of dye wastewater. ,, Biological methods involve the separation or degradation of organic dyes into inorganic products and intermediates through the adsorption, flocculation, and degradation of bacteria . Chemical methods, including electrochemical methods and advanced oxidation methods, involve reactions induced between reactive substances and dyes by light, electricity, and magnetism, which result in the oxidation and decomposition of dyes into nontoxic or weakly toxic small molecules. , …”