Agreement between retinal images obtained via smartphones and images obtained with retinal cameras or fundoscopic exams &amp;ndash; systematic review and meta-analysis

Vilela, Manuel Augusto Pereira; Valença, Felipe M; Barreto, Pedro Kern Menna; Amaral, Carlos Ev; Pellanda, Lúcia C.

doi:10.2147/opth.s182022

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, in a recent meta-analysis, smartphone image quality was found to agree substantially with the gold standards of clinical or photographic exams for evaluating other posterior segment pathologies like diabetic retinopathy. [14] We could also document other incidental posterior segment pathologies like retinal hemorrhages and foveal cystic changes. Routine ocular digital imaging in preterm babies have been emphasized by other authors who serendipitously detected significant and even life threatening conditions during ROP screening enabling timely intervention for treatable conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Using higher plus power lenses like 40 or 60D lens can increase the field up to 90°. [14] A superior option would be to use montage software programs for automated construction of mosaic photographs from multiple individual images as has been reported by Patel et al [19] In their study, ROP experts interpreted individual fundus photographs and mosaic photographs of wide-angle retinal images and found that mosaic photographs were more accurate in image based diagnosis of clinically significant ROP. This is because mosaic photographs not only provides high resolution wide field images but also allows a continuous view with improved visualization of the ridge and vascular changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MII RetCam assisted smartphone based fundus imaging for retinopathy of prematurity

Lekha

Ramesh

Sharma

et al. 2019

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: The gold standard for evaluating Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a potentially blinding disease in preterm babies, is by indirect ophthalmoscopy which is quite subjective. Digital imaging with RetCam, an advanced wide field imaging system is more precise but it is not easily available or affordable. Smartphones are being explored as an alternate cost effective and accessible imaging tool. This is possible because of the good illumination and the built-in high resolution cameras available in modern smartphones. The aim of this study is to illustrate the utility of MII RetCam assisted smartphone based fundus imaging (MSFI) in the documentation and monitoring of ROP. Methods: Single-centre, retrospective observational study of all the preterm babies subjected to MSFI as part of ROP screening from September 2017 to November 2018. iPhone 4S and + 20 Diopter lens attached to the MII RetCam device was used for fundus imaging at baseline and during follow up. The statistical analysis used for the same is the SPSS statistical software. Results: Good quality images of central and peripheral retina could be captured in 33 out of 42 babies (78.57%) with ROP. Serial imaging done in 24 babies with ROP helped in precise monitoring of the disease and planning management. Incidentally detected non-ROP findings were also documented. Unique design of the device enabled imaging by a single examiner. Image database created was useful for academic and counselling purposes. Smaller field images which can cause difficulty in distinguishing the zones is a limitation. Conclusion: MSFI is a potential alternate imaging tool enabling objective documentation and monitoring of ROP in low resource settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MII RetCam assisted smartphone based fundus imaging for retinopathy of prematurity

Lekha

Ramesh

Sharma

et al. 2019

Indian J Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Proposed alternatives to fundus photography include image collection with a smartphone 22 , 23 and ocular torsion measurement using a digital camera and image analysis program. 24 Slit-lamp biomicroscopy with a 90-diopter aspheric lens is reportedly a useful approach, but its correlation with fundus photography is weak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a patient's pupil is extremely small, pharmacologic dilation or dark adaptation approaches may be necessary; cataracts may also cause measurement difficulty. 20,21 Proposed alternatives to fundus photography include image collection with a smartphone 22,23 and ocular torsion measurement using a digital camera and image analysis program. 24 Slit-lamp biomicroscopy with a 90-diopter aspheric lens is reportedly a useful approach, but its correlation with fundus photography is weak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ocular counter-roll using iris images during binocular fixation and head tilt

Moon

Cho

et al. 2021

J Int Med Res

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Objective To compare the ocular counter-roll (OCR) measured using iris images during binocular fixation and head tilt with OCR measured via fundus photography. Methods Fifty-three healthy college students participated in this study. The mean OCR was measured by collection of iris images and fundus images under seven head tilt conditions (0 degrees; 10, 20, and 30 degrees right; and 10, 20, and 30 degrees left). Three iris images (crossed pupil center, pupil center, and pupil periphery) were taken using a slit-lamp biomicroscope with an ophthalmic camera and a half-silvered mirror; fundus images were collected via fundus photography. The mean OCR values were compared between images taken with each method. Results No iris images or head tilt conditions revealed any significant differences in mean OCR comparison with fundus images. The mean difference in OCR was smallest, and the correlation was greatest, between the crossed pupil center and fundus images. Conclusion A half-silvered mirror and iris images can replace fundus photography for the measurement of OCR.

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“…However, our review aims to use a different, systematic, more transparent and focused methodological approach, such as in our search strategy. Lastly, a meta-analysis by Vilela et al 31 compared the agreement between smartphone ophthalmic images and retinal cameras. However, this systematic review included and pooled many eye diseases such as glaucoma, ocular hypertension and pseudophakia, or included patients from an emergency department or hospital setting without a prespecified condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of smartphones for detecting diabetic retinopathy: a protocol for a scoping review of diagnostic test accuracy studies

et al. 2019

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IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of impaired vision in adults worldwide. Early detection and treatment for DR could improve patient outcomes. Traditional methods of detecting DR include the gold standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study seven standard fields fundus photography, ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. These modalities can be expensive, difficult to access and require involvement of specialised healthcare professionals. With the development of mobile phone technology, there is a growing interest in their use for DR identification as this approach is potentially more affordable, accessible and easier to use. Smartphones can be employed in a variety of ways for ophthalmoscopy including the use of smartphone camera, various attachments and artificial intelligence for obtaining and grading of retinal images. The aim of this scoping review is to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of various smartphone ophthalmoscopy approaches for detecting DR in diabetic patients.Methods and analysisWe will perform an electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for literature published from 2000 onwards. Two reviewers will independently analyse studies for eligibility and assess study quality using the QUADAS-2 tool. Data for a 2⨉2 contingency table will be extracted. If possible, we will pool sensitivity and specificity data using the random-effects model and construct a summary receiver operating characteristic curve. In case of high heterogeneity, we will present the findings narratively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review aims to provide an overview of smartphone ophthalmoscopy in DR identification. It will present findings on the accuracy of smartphone ophthalmoscopy in detecting DR, identify gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future research. This review does not require ethical approval as we will not collect primary data.

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Agreement between retinal images obtained via smartphones and images obtained with retinal cameras or fundoscopic exams – systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

MII RetCam assisted smartphone based fundus imaging for retinopathy of prematurity

MII RetCam assisted smartphone based fundus imaging for retinopathy of prematurity

Measurement of ocular counter-roll using iris images during binocular fixation and head tilt

Use of smartphones for detecting diabetic retinopathy: a protocol for a scoping review of diagnostic test accuracy studies

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