Agreement between clinicians' and care givers' assessment of intelligence in Nigerian children with intellectual disability: 'ratio IQ' as a viable option in the absence of standardized 'deviance IQ' tests in sub-Saharan Africa

Bakare, Muideen O.; Ubochi, Vincent N; Okoroikpa, Ifeoma N; Aguocha, Chinyere Mirian; Ebigbo, Peter O.

doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-39

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…For example, information about cognitive trajectory and adaptive functioning is presently not available, as assessment of these parameters is deferred till school age, which is about six (6) years in this environment. Assessment of cognitive trajectory and adaptive functioning would follow the methods highlighted in a previous publication in this environment 8 , in view of lack of standardized culturally adaptive tools. However, we are able to report at this time pattern of preliminary diagnoses we are working with among the 27 children screened positive for neurodevelopmental delays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental delay among children under the age of three years at immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria – Preliminary report

Bakare

Bello-Mojeed

Münir

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Late diagnosis and interventions characterize childhood neurodevelopmental disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa. This has negatively impacted on the prognosis of the children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study examined the prevalence and pattern of neurodevelopmental delays among children under the age of 3 years attending immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria and also affords opportunity of early follow-up and interventions, which had been documented to improve prognosis. The study involved two stage assessments; which consisted of first phase screening of the children for neurodevelopmental delays in immunization clinics at primary healthcare centers Lagos State, Nigeria and second phase which consists of definitive clinical evaluation and follow-up interventions for children screened positive for neurodevelopmental delays. Twenty seven (0.9%) of a total of 3,011 children under the age of 3 years were screened positive for neurodevelopmental delays and subsequently undergoing clinical evaluation and follow-up interventions. Preliminary working diagnoses among these children include cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder trait, nutritional deficiency, Down syndrome and Non-specific neurodevelopmental delay with co-morbid seizure disorder accounting for 33.3%, 14.8%, 18.5%, 7.4% and 25.9% respectively. This is a preliminary report that would be followed up with information on medium and long term intervention phase.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental delay among children under the age of three years at immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria – Preliminary report

Bakare

Bello-Mojeed

Münir

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…All assessments by the clinicians were based on the same specific socio-cultural milieu with the children. The procedure followed for IQ assessment of the children had been documented in our previous report [ 10 ]. This is an alternative method of IQ assessment which was employed because standardized tests of measuring IQ are lacking in sub-Saharan African children [ 10 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The socio-demographic questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information of the children. Each child was assigned IQ category based on the clinicians' assessment and placement of the child in specific diagnostic categories as spelt out by ICD- 10 diagnostic criteria for mental retardation [ 9 , 10 ]. The teachers rated behavioral problems in the children by filling out the teacher's rated SDQ for each child.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem and pro-social behavior among Nigerian children with intellectual disability: the implication for developing policy for school based mental health programs

et al. 2010

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BackgroundSchool based mental health programs are absent in most educational institutions for intellectually disabled children and adolescents in Nigeria and co-morbid behavioral problems often complicate intellectual disability in children and adolescents receiving special education instructions. Little is known about prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems existing co-morbidly among sub-Saharan African children with intellectual disability. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems among Nigerian children with intellectual disability and also the associated factors.MethodTeachers' rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for behavioral problems among children with intellectual disability in a special education facility in south eastern Nigeria. Socio-demographic questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of the children.ResultsA total of forty four (44) children with intellectual disability were involved in the study. Twenty one (47.7%) of the children were classified as having behavioral problems in the borderline and abnormal categories on total difficulties clinical scale of SDQ using the cut-off point recommended by Goodman. Mild mental retardation as compared to moderate, severe and profound retardation was associated with highest total difficulties mean score. Males were more likely to exhibit conduct and hyperactivity behavioral problems compared to the females. The inter-clinical scales correlations of teachers' rated SDQ in the studied population also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha = 0.63).ConclusionSignificant behavioral problems occur co-morbidly among Nigerian children with intellectual disability receiving special education instructions and this could impact negatively on educational learning and other areas of functioning. There is an urgent need for establishing school-based mental health program and appropriate screening measure in this environment. These would afford early identification of intellectually disabled children with behavioral problems and appropriate referral for clinical evaluation and interventions. The need to focus policy making attention on hidden burden of intellectual disability in sub-Saharan African children is essential.

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“…The diverse multi-ethnic and multi-cultural nature of Nigeria may contribute to such misdiagnosis. For example, the impact of ethnic and cultural factors on child rearing practices and socio-cultural expectations of an individual within Nigeria (Bakare et al, 2009) is extensive. Therefore, a more culturally relevant, standardised process of IQ and adaptive behaviour assessment may need to be developed to support more accurate and consistent diagnosis of IDD (Bakare et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nigeria: Socio-demographic Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the impact of ethnic and cultural factors on child rearing practices and socio-cultural expectations of an individual within Nigeria (Bakare et al, 2009) is extensive. Therefore, a more culturally relevant, standardised process of IQ and adaptive behaviour assessment may need to be developed to support more accurate and consistent diagnosis of IDD (Bakare et al, 2009). Such a process would need to allow for the extent to which different cognitive characteristics and behaviours considered adaptive or appropriate are emphasised from one situation to another and from one subculture to another (see Neisser et al, 1996).…”

Section: Nigeria: Socio-demographic Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country profile: intellectual and developmental disability in Nigeria

Sango

2017

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a contextual and general overview of intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a chronological approach, providing an assessment of the understanding and treatment of people with IDD from the pre-colonial era to the present. Findings Nigeria has experienced a different historical path in terms of treatment and service provision for people with IDD compared to industrialised and developing countries such as the UK and Brazil. Originality/value Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with an emerging economy and thus important to review the treatment and social inclusion of people with IDD in the country’s development.

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Agreement between clinicians' and care givers' assessment of intelligence in Nigerian children with intellectual disability: 'ratio IQ' as a viable option in the absence of standardized 'deviance IQ' tests in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Neurodevelopmental delay among children under the age of three years at immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria – Preliminary report

Neurodevelopmental delay among children under the age of three years at immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria – Preliminary report

Problem and pro-social behavior among Nigerian children with intellectual disability: the implication for developing policy for school based mental health programs

Country profile: intellectual and developmental disability in Nigeria

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