“…Such approaches are manifested in the form of social development (Asamoah and Beverly, 1988) in Africa, 'Conscientization' in Latin America, 'agology' in Holland, 'Animation' in France (Lewis, 1973). One clear signal from abroad is that the application of an American social work model, at least without major modifications, is not useful and appropriate for all countries or regions of the world.…”