Aging, the Central Nervous System, and Mobility

Rosso, Andrea L.; Studenski, Stephanie A.; Chen, Wen G.; Aizenstein, Howard J.; Alexander, Neil B.; Bennett, David A.; Black, Sandra E.; Camicioli, Richard; Carlson, Michelle C.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Guralnik, Jack M.; Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.; Kaye, Jeffrey; Launer, Lenore J.; Lipsitz, Lewis A.; Verghese, Joe; Rosano, Caterina

doi:10.1093/gerona/glt089

Cited by 233 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It is reflected in the increase in reaction times [9] and movement times [10]. A recent research concluded that CNS may play a major role in mobility decline with aging [11]. Reduction in strength, endurance, flexibility and changes in strategies are motor problems leading to affection of postural response [12], [13].…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sitting Limits of Stability between Young and Old Adults

2016

IJSR

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Independent elder in the community is the need of the time. Dynamic sitting balance is crucial for activities of daily living like bathing, dressing etc. However there is limited evidence on sitting balance in the older adults. The Objective of our study was to explore the effect of aging on Sitting Limits of Stability. 30 old and 30 young adults participated in the study. Excursion of centre of pressure in sitting limits of Stability was assessed using force plates and compared between the two groups. Statistical significant difference was seen in composite values of all the parameters viz. reaction time, movement velocity, end point excursion, directional control and maximum excursion between young and old adults. Results are suggestive of affection of sitting Limits of stability in the older adults.

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sitting Limits of Stability between Young and Old Adults

2016

IJSR

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“…4 The causes of mobility limitations are complex and multifactorial, involving many systems such as osteoarticular or cardiovascular systems, sensorial abilities, or the central nervous system. 5 A growing number of studies have focussed on the role of cardiovascular risk factors, by analogy with cognitive function. Dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension have all been shown to be associated with poor physical performance.…”

Section: See Related Article Pp 340-346mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Decline

Dumurgier

Elbaz

2015

Hypertension

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With the global increasing aging of our societies, there is a growing interest in understanding the mechanisms explaining mobility limitations and poor physical performance in elderly population. Epidemiological studies report that, in community-dwelling older adults, the prevalence of abnormal gait could be >30% after the age of 70 years.1 One of the most obvious complications of poor physical performance is an increased risk of falls, which may have tragic consequences. After an hip fracture, for example, the 1-year risk of mortality is ≈30%, 2 higher than after an acute myocardial infarction. Overall, poor physical performance is associated with an increased risk of disability, institutionalization, and death. 3 The simple measurement of short-distance usual gait speed (usually over a distance of 4-10 m) has progressively emerged as a simple and reliable measure of physical performance, requiring only a chronometer and a few seconds, leading some authors to propose it as a new vital sign in the geriatric examination, together with other parameters, such as blood pressure or heart rate. 4 The causes of mobility limitations are complex and multifactorial, involving many systems such as osteoarticular or cardiovascular systems, sensorial abilities, or the central nervous system. 5 A growing number of studies have focussed on the role of cardiovascular risk factors, by analogy with cognitive function. Dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension have all been shown to be associated with poor physical performance.6 Slow gait speed is associated with cardiovascular risk, 7 and with an increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular mortality.8 One of the explanations for the association between cardiovascular risk factors and poor physical performance involves the role of cerebral small vessel disease, that is, brain white matter abnormalities, 9 silent infarcts, and gray matter atrophy.10 Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with cerebral small vessel disease, which impairs brain connectivity and the pathways controlling cognition, balance, and motor function. These associations may reinforce themselves in a vicious circle, as mobility limitations may generate sedentary behavior, thereby promoting cardiovascular risk factors (Figure).In this issue of Hypertension, Tchalla et al 11 have examined the association between plasma levels of Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)-a biomarker of systemic endothelial dysfunction-and mobility impairment, assessed through a gait speed measure and the occurrence of falls >1 year. sVCAM-1 promotes the adhesion of inflammatory cells to the vascular endothelial wall, in particular in the cerebral microvasculature, and facilitates their migration through the endothelium.12 According to the authors, the resulting inflammatory response may result in impaired cerebral blood flow regulation, especially endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in response to changes in blood end-tidal Pco 2 , and ischemic damage to the cerebral microvasculature that manifests as white ...

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“…Gait speed predicts the future onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease [6, 7]. Slow gait speed is related to a specific smaller volume of motor regions in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia [8, 9]. We hypothesized that the number of steps can predict an increase in the severity of PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step Numbers and Hoehn-Yahr Stage after Six Years

Kataoka

Тanaka²,

Kiriyama

et al. 2018

Eur Neurol

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Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) has been linked to increased numbers of steps taken while walking. We tested the hypothesis that an increased number of steps associated with FOG might predict the exacerbation of the severity of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: We prospectively studied 26 patients. Clinical assessments were performed and balance was evaluated in 30 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage III PD 6 years previously. Gait parameters were analyzed with the use of an originally designed, suddenly narrowed path. PD-related independent variables, balance investigation-related variables, and gait-independent-related variables were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The Hoehn-Yahr stage increased in 14 patients and was unchanged in 12 patients. The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score (OR 1.079, p = 0.041, 95% CI 1.003–1.161) and the number of steps on the suddenly narrow path (OR 1.605, p = 0.047, 95% CI 1.006–2.56) were related to an increase in the Hoehn-Yahr stage. The number of steps was significantly higher on the suddenly narrowed path (11.3 ± 3.6) than on a straightly narrowed path (10.1 ± 3.2) at the time of final follow-up in the 26 patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: An increased number of steps associated with FOG, which was elicited by the suddenly narrowed path, might be one predictor of an upgrade of stage in patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage III PD.

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Aging, the Central Nervous System, and Mobility

Cited by 233 publications

References 54 publications

Comparison of Sitting Limits of Stability between Young and Old Adults

Comparison of Sitting Limits of Stability between Young and Old Adults

Gait Decline

Step Numbers and Hoehn-Yahr Stage after Six Years

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