2017
DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311075
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Aging, Smooth Muscle Vitality, and Aortic Integrity

Abstract: Advances in medical genetics and imaging have resulted in a significant increase in the number of diagnosed thoracic aortic aneurysms. Recent findings establish a link between diminished nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and compromised smooth muscle cell vitality in aortic dilatation. These findings have myriad implications given the diverse roles of NAMPT, which is central to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and thus ATP production, as well the activity of multiple NAD… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are local dilatations of the proximal aorta that often have an increased risk of subsequent dissection and/or rupture. Clinical experience reveals that uncontrolled hypertension and natural aortic aging are key risk factors for the initiation and progression of these lesions [ 1 , 2 ], though many TAAs arise from diverse genetic mutations [ 3 5 ]. Specifically, predisposing mutations affect genes that encode extracellular matrix (e.g., FBN1 , which encodes fibrillin-1, or EFEMP2 , which encodes fibulin-4, both of which affect elastic fibers), cytoskeletal proteins (e.g., ACTA2 , which encodes smooth muscle α-actin, and MYH11 , which encodes smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), and the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta ( TGFB2 ) or its signaling through transmembrane receptors ( TGFBR1 , 2 , which encode type 1 and 2 TGFβ receptors) or intracellular second messengers (e.g., SMAD2 , which encodes a key downstream signaling molecule SMAD2), which affect collagen turnover among many other biological processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are local dilatations of the proximal aorta that often have an increased risk of subsequent dissection and/or rupture. Clinical experience reveals that uncontrolled hypertension and natural aortic aging are key risk factors for the initiation and progression of these lesions [ 1 , 2 ], though many TAAs arise from diverse genetic mutations [ 3 5 ]. Specifically, predisposing mutations affect genes that encode extracellular matrix (e.g., FBN1 , which encodes fibrillin-1, or EFEMP2 , which encodes fibulin-4, both of which affect elastic fibers), cytoskeletal proteins (e.g., ACTA2 , which encodes smooth muscle α-actin, and MYH11 , which encodes smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), and the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta ( TGFB2 ) or its signaling through transmembrane receptors ( TGFBR1 , 2 , which encode type 1 and 2 TGFβ receptors) or intracellular second messengers (e.g., SMAD2 , which encodes a key downstream signaling molecule SMAD2), which affect collagen turnover among many other biological processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 5 Alterations of ECM and VSMC tone play important roles in TAA, but the inflammatory component and VSMC apoptosis are less prominent than in AAA. 2 , 5 , 6 Despite these differences, epidemiological studies have paradoxically highlighted an inverse relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and both TAA and AAA. 3 , 7 The aim of our review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the inverse association between diabetes and aortic aneurysm.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…De fato, o envelhecimento é um fator de risco bem conhecido para o desenvolvimento de aneurismas e tem sido associado à capacidade de geração de força prejudicada e alterações mecânicas na aorta (Humphrey & Milewicz, 2017). Isto sugere que o envelhecimento em VSMC pode acelerar o fenótipo MFS.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Esses incluem alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), myosin-11 (MYH11), myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), transforming growth factor β-2 (TGFB2), TGF-β receptor-1 (TGFBR1), SMAD3, PRKG1, fibulin-4 (FBLN4) e colágeno-3 (COL3A1) (Milewicz et al, 2017). Além disso, a regulação negativa na expressão de componentes contráteis análogos, à nível de gene/proteína, também foram apresentados em TAAD associados à prejuízos na atividade de RhoA em VSMC (Nogi et al, 2018) ou em modelo de inibição de Lysyl oxidase (Jia et al, 2015), bem como em processoas ligados ao envelhecimento celular na aorta (Humphrey & Milewicz, 2017). O envelhecimento pode modificar o fenótipo da VSMC além de alterar a composição da ECM, induzindo modificações na parede do vaso e, consequentemente, nas propriedades mecânicas da aorta (Humphrey & Milewicz, 2017).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
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